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making sacred things for Jerusalem, was spending money for this. Many therefore, having gathered together, were crying out against Pilate, demanding that he stop, and some even used insults against him. But he ordered a multitude of soldiers, using Jewish garments and having clubs under their garments, to go around the circle of the troublemakers, and so ordered the Jews to withdraw. But when they began to insult him, he gives the signal to the soldiers; and they punished the troublemakers with blows. And they, being unarmed and being struck, had no thought of yielding, but many fell, and the others went away wounded. At this time our Lord and God Jesus Christ also appeared in Judea, about whom Josephus says these things word for word in the eighteenth book of the Antiquities. "Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man; for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. And he drew over to him both many of the Jews and many of the Gentiles. This was the Christ. And when on the accusation of the principal men among us Pilate had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him. For he appeared to them alive again the third day, as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him. And up to this day the tribe of Christians, so named from him, has not failed." And Josephus, writing his Antiquities, wrote these things about Christ; but in his 2.13 discourse to the Greeks, which is inscribed *Against Plato, on the Cause of the Universe*, which Saint John of Damascus also made mention of in the book composed by him called *Parallela*, he says these things. "For all, both the just and the unjust, will be brought before God the Word. For to him the Father has given the judgment, and he himself, fulfilling the Father's will, comes as judge, whom we call Christ. For neither Minos nor Rhadamanthus are judges according to you, O Greeks, but the one whom God the Father has glorified; about whom we have spoken in more detail elsewhere for those who seek the truth. This one, making the Father's just judgment for each, will prepare for all what is just according to their works. Standing before his judgment, all men and angels and demons will utter one voice, saying thus, Your judgment is just. The recompense of this voice brings what is just upon both, justly providing eternal enjoyment for those who have done well, and assigning eternal punishment to the lovers of evil. And for these the unquenchable and unending fire remains, and a certain fiery worm, not dying nor corrupting the body, remains, boiling out from the body with unceasing pain." And he says other things in addition to these. Thus therefore has Josephus written about Christ. But in Rome at that time there was a certain Paulina, both of distinguished family and priding herself on the goodness of her character, and 2.14 possessing abundant wealth; and being also graceful in appearance and of the age in which women glory, she was adorned with modesty. She was married to Saturninus, a man in no way inferior to her in each of her good qualities. Decius Mundus, being of great rank among the knights of that time, fell in love with her, and he tempted her with gifts; for he was offering two hundred thousand Attic drachmas for one night. But she would not have it. And he was inflamed the more with love, so that by abstinence from food he sought death for himself. And he had a freedwoman of his father's, called Ide, skilled in all kinds of evils. She, seeing the young man in this state, encourages him with words and rekindles him with promises, saying that she would need only fifty thousand in order to accomplish the deed for him. And having taken the requested silver, since she saw that Paulina was not to be captured by money, but knew that she was most fervently attached to the worship of Isis (for she was then considered a god by the Romans), she approaches some of the priests of that false god, and with money persuades them to deceive Paulina by whatever means they could and to lie with Mundus. And they, charmed by the money, set about the deed. And

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ποιούμενος εἰς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα τὰ ἱερὰ πρὸς ταύτην ἀνήλισκε χρήματα. συνελθόντες ουν πολλοὶ κατεβόων Πιλάτου, παύσασθαι ἀξιοῦντες, τινὲς δὲ καὶ λοιδορίαις ἐκέχρηντο κατ' αὐτοῦ. ὁ δὲ στολαῖς ̓Ιουδαϊκαῖς πλῆθος στρατιωτῶν κεχρημένον σκυτάλας τε ὑπὸ ταῖς στολαῖς εχον περιελθεῖν κύκλῳ τῶν θορυβούντων ἐκέλευσε, καὶ ουτως ἀναχωρεῖν τοῖς ̓Ιουδαίοις ἐπέταττεν. ὡς δ' ηρξαντο λοιδορεῖν, τοῖς στρατιώταις δίδωσι σύνθημα· οἱ δὲ πληγαῖς τοὺς θορυβοῦντας ἐκόλαζον. ἐκεῖνοι δὲ αοπλοι οντες καὶ πληττόμενοι οὐδὲν ἐνδόσιμον ἐφρόνουν, ἀλλὰ πολλοὶ μὲν επιπτον, οἱ δ' αλλοι τραυματίαι ἀπῄεσαν. Κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν καὶ ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν καὶ θεὸς ̓Ιησοῦς Χριστὸς ἐν ̓Ιουδαίᾳ ἐφάνη, περὶ ου ταῦτα κατὰ λέξιν φησὶν ὁ ̓Ιώσηπος ἐν τῷ ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ λόγῳ τῆς ̓Αρχαιολογίας. "γίνεται δὴ κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον ̓Ιησοῦς, σοφὸς ἀνήρ, ειγε ανδρα αὐτὸν λέγειν χρή· ην γὰρ παραδόξων εργων ποιητής, διδάσκαλος ἀνθρώπων τῶν σὺν ἡδονῇ τἀληθῆ δεχομένων· καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν ̓Ιουδαίους, πολλοὺς δὲ καὶ τοῦ ̔Ελληνικοῦ ἐπηγάγετο. ὁ Χριστὸς ουτος ην. καὶ αὐτὸν ἐνδείξει τῶν πρώτων ἀνδρῶν παρ' ἡμῖν σταυρῷ ἐπιτετιμηκότος Πιλάτου, οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο οἱ τὸ πρῶτον αὐτὸν ἀγαπήσαντες. ἐφάνη γὰρ αὐτοῖς τρίτην εχων ἡμέραν πάλιν ζῶν, τῶν θείων προφητῶν ταῦτά τε καὶ αλλα μυρία περὶ αὐτοῦ θαυμάσια εἰρηκότων. εἰσέτι νῦν τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἀπὸ τοῦδε ὠνομασμένων οὐκ ἐπέλιπε τὸ φῦλον." Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἀρχαιολογῶν ὁ ̓Ιώσηπος εγραψε περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ· ἐν δὲ τῷ πρὸς Ελληνας αὐτοῦ 2.13 λόγῳ, ος κατὰ Πλάτωνος ἐπιγέγραπται περὶ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς αἰτίας, ου καὶ ὁ αγιος ̓Ιωάννης ὁ ∆αμασκηνὸς μνείαν πεποίηται ἐν τῇ πονηθείσῃ αὐτῷ βίβλῳ τῇ καλουμένῃ Παράλληλα, ταῦτά φησι. "πάντες γὰρ δίκαιοί τε καὶ αδικοι ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου ἀχθήσονται. τούτῳ γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ τὴν κρίσιν δέδωκε, καὶ αὐτὸς βουλὴν πατρὸς ἐπιτελῶν κριτὴς παραγίνεται, ον Χριστὸν προσαγορεύομεν. οὐδὲ γὰρ Μίνως καὶ ̔Ραδάμανθυς κριταὶ καθ' ὑμᾶς, Ελληνες, ἀλλ' ον ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ ἐδόξασε· περὶ ου ἐν ἑτέροις λεπτομερέστερον διεληλύθαμεν πρὸς τοὺς ζητοῦντας τὴν ἀλήθειαν. ουτος τὴν πατρὸς ἑκάστῳ δικαιοκρισίαν ποιούμενος, πᾶσι κατὰ τὰ εργα παρασκευάσει τὸ δίκαιον. ου κρίσει παραστάντες πάντες ανθρωποί τε καὶ αγγελοι καὶ δαίμονες μίαν ἀποφθέγξονται φωνὴν ουτω λέγοντες, δικαία σου ἡ κρίσις. ης φωνῆς τὸ ἀνταπόδομα ἐπ' ἀμφοτέροις ἐπάγει τὸ δίκαιον, τοῖς μὲν ευ πράξασι δικαίως τὴν ἀΐδιον ἀπόλαυσιν παρασχόντος, τοῖς δὲ τῶν φαύλων ἐρασταῖς τὴν αἰώνιον κόλασιν ἀπονείμαντος. καὶ τούτοις μὲν τὸ πῦρ ασβεστον διαμένει καὶ ἀτελεύτητον, σκώληξ δέ τις εμπυρος μὴ τελευτῶν μηδὲ σῶμα διαφθείρων, ἀπαύστῳ δ' ὀδύνῃ ἐκ σώματος ἐκβράσσων παραμένει." καὶ αλλα δ' ἐπὶ τούτοις φησίν. Ουτω μὲν ουν περὶ Χριστοῦ γέγραφεν ὁ ̓Ιώσηπος. ἐν δὲ ̔Ρώμῃ τότε Παυλῖνά τις ην καὶ γένους περιφανείᾳ καὶ τρόπων σεμνυνομένη χρηστότητι καὶ 2.14 πλούτου περιττῶς εχουσα· ουσα δὲ καὶ τὴν οψιν χαρίεσσα καὶ τῆς ἡλικίας ἐν ῃ γυναῖκες ἀγάλλονται, σωφροσύνῃ κεκόσμητο. συνῴκει δὲ Σατορνίνῳ, ἀνδρὶ μηδὲν αὐτῆς εἰς εκαστον τῶν καλῶν ἀποδέοντι. ταύτης ἑάλω τῷ ερωτι ∆έκιος Μοῦνδος, ἐν ἀξιώματι ων μεγάλῳ τῶν τότε ἱππέων, καὶ ἐπείρα δώροις· εικοσι γὰρ μυριάδας δραχμῶν ̓Αττικῶν εὐνῆς ἐδίδου μιᾶς. ἡ δὲ οὐκ ἠνείχετο. κἀκεῖνος ἐξῆπτο πλέον εἰς ερωτα, ωστε βρώσεως ἀποχῇ ἑαυτῷ μνηστεύεσθαι θάνατον. ην δὲ τούτῳ ἀπελευθέρα πατρῴα Ιδη καλουμένη, παντοίων ιδρις κακῶν. αυτη ουτως εχοντα τὸν νεανίαν ὁρῶσα ἀναθαρσύνει λόγοις καὶ ἀναζωπυρεῖ ὑποσχέσεσι, πέντε μυριάδων αὐτῇ δεήσειν λέγουσα μόνων ωστε τὴν πρᾶξιν αὐτῷ κατεργάσασθαι. καὶ λαβοῦσα τὸ αἰτηθὲν ἀργύριον, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ἁλωτὴν ἑώρα τὴν Παυλῖναν τοῖς χρήμασι, τῇ δὲ θεραπείᾳ τῆς Ισιδος, θεὸς δ' αυτη τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις τότε νενόμιστο, ῃδει ταύτην προσκειμένην θερμότατα, πρόσεισι τῶν τῆς ψευδοῦς ἐκείνης θεοῦ ἱερέων τισί, καὶ χρήμασιν ἀναπείθει τὴν Παυλῖναν ἐξαπατῆσαι αις δύναιντο μηχαναῖς καὶ τῷ Μούνδῳ συγκατακλῖναι. οἱ δὲ θελχθέντες τοῖς χρήμασι τῇ πράξει ἐπέβαλον. καὶ