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To these the Arab, and bringing a great force, came against Izates. And when battle was joined, his own men abandoned Izates by pre-arrangement, and turning their backs, they fled. But Izates, having learned of the betrayal committed by the nobles, withdrew into the camp, and finding the guilty ones, he punished them. But on the next day, joining battle, he conquered, and put the Arabs to flight, and drove their king, being pursued, into a certain fortress. And he killed himself as he was about to be captured, and the fortress was taken and the things in it were plundered. And Izates returned to his own lands. But the nobles of the Adiabenes write to Vologeses, the king of the Parthians, asking him to kill Izates, and to establish for them a ruler from Parthia; for they hated their own king who had converted to a foreign religion. So the Parthian immediately set out with a very great force, and Izates encamped opposite him. And someone sent from the Parthian told Izates how great was the power of the Parthians, and that Vologeses threatened to exact punishment from him for having been ungrateful to his masters; for not even the god whom he worshipped would be able to deliver him from his hands. To these things Izates replied that he knew the power of the Parthians, but knew that God was more powerful than men. He said these things and supplicated God. Therefore, during that night Vologeses, having received letters that enemies had invaded Parthia and were ravaging it, immediately in his haste 2.41 broke camp without accomplishing anything. And so Izates by the providence of God escaped the threats of the Parthian. And after some time he dies, having lived fifty-five years, and having completed twenty-four in his rule; and he dies leaving twenty-four sons and as many daughters. And he left the rule to his brother Monobazus. However, while Fadus was procurator of Judea, a certain magician named Theudas persuaded the largest crowd to take up their possessions and follow him to the Jordan; for he said he was a prophet and was able to divide the river by his command; and he deceived very many. But Fadus, having sent a squadron of cavalry against them, killed many, and took no fewer captive, including Theudas himself, whose head they cut off and brought to Jerusalem. And Tiberius Alexander succeeded Fadus, son of Alexander who had been alabarch in Alexandria. And the sons of Judas the Galilean, James and Simon, he who caused the people to revolt when Quirinius was conducting the census, were killed, whom Alexander crucified. And Herod, who was king of Chalcis, having removed from the high priesthood Joseph the son of Camydus, gave it to Ananias the son of Nedebaeus. And Cumanus came as successor to Tiberius Alexander. And in the eighth year of the monarchy of Claudius, Herod the brother of Agrippa the Great dies, leaving three sons; and Claudius gave his rule to the younger Agrippa. And while Cumanus was procurator of Judea, a multitude was gathered in Jerusalem 2.42 for the feast of the Passover. Therefore, lest any revolt should be started by the crowd, which was large, Cumanus stationed armed soldiers upon the porticoes of the temple to suppress a disturbance, should one arise; and this those before him also used to do. And on the fourth day of the feast, one of the soldiers in the porticoes uncovered his private parts and showed them to the crowds. And they were angered, as the soldier had acted impiously toward God, and the more rash ones blasphemed Cumanus. And he was provoked by the blasphemies, and orders the entire army to come to Antonia, the fortress overlooking the temple. The crowd, therefore, seeing the armed soldiers, rushed to flee, and the exits being narrow, many, pushing one another during the flight, were crushed and trampled by each other and perished, so that twenty thousand were numbered as having perished then; and there was mourning instead of a festival. This mourning had not yet subsided and another evil is added. For some of those who delighted in revolt, having robbed a certain Stephen, a slave of Caesar, who was traveling on the road

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τούτοις ὁ Αραψ, καὶ πολλὴν ἐπαγόμενος δύναμιν ηκεν ἐπὶ τὸν ̓Ιζάτην. καὶ συμβολῆς γενομένης καταλείπουσι τὸν ̓Ιζάτην οἱ αὐτοῦ ἐκ συνθήματος καὶ νῶτα τρέψαντες εφευγον. γνοὺς δὲ τὴν προδοσίαν ̓Ιζάτης γενομένην ὑπὸ τῶν μεγιστάνων, εἰς τὸ στρατόπεδον ὑπεχώρησε, καὶ εὑρὼν τοὺς αἰτίους ἐκόλασε. τῇ δ' ἐπιούσῃ συμβαλὼν νικᾷ, καὶ εἰς φυγὴν τοὺς Αραβας ετρεψε, τὸν δὲ βασιλέα αὐτῶν εἰς φρούριόν τι συνήλασε διωκόμενον. καὶ ὁ μὲν ἑαυτὸν ἀνεῖλεν ἁλισκόμενος ηδη, τὸ δὲ φρούριον ἑάλω καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ διηρπάγη. καὶ ̓Ιζάτης εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα ὑπέστρεψεν. Οἱ δὲ τῶν ̓Αδιαβηνῶν μεγιστᾶνες Οὐολογέσῃ τῷ Πάρθων γράφουσι βασιλεῖ, ἀξιοῦντες ἀποκτεῖναι μὲν τὸν ̓Ιζάτην, καταστῆσαι δὲ σφίσι δυνάστην ἐκ Πάρθων· μισεῖν γὰρ τὸν ἑαυτῶν βασιλέα ξένῃ θρησκείᾳ προσηλυτεύσαντα. ὁ γοῦν Πάρθος αὐτίκα μετὰ πλείστης δυνάμεως ωρμησε, καὶ ὁ ̓Ιζάτης ἀντεστρατοπεδεύσατο. σταλεὶς δέ τις ἐκ τοῦ Πάρθου ελεγε τῷ ̓Ιζάτῃ ὁπόση ἐστὶ τῶν Πάρθων ἡ δύναμις, καὶ ὡς Οὐολογέσης ἀπειλεῖ δίκας εἰσπράξειν αὐτόν, ἀχάριστον περὶ δεσπότας γενόμενον· ῥύσασθαι γὰρ αὐτὸν τῶν αὐτοῦ χειρῶν οὐδὲ τὸν θεὸν ον σέβει δυνήσεσθαι. πρὸς ταῦτα ὁ ̓Ιζάτης τὴν μὲν δύναμιν τῶν Πάρθων γινώσκειν ἀνταπεκρίνατο, εἰδέναι δ' ἀνθρώπων τὸν θεὸν δυνατώτερον. ταῦτα ειπε καὶ ἱκέτευε τὸν θεόν. κατ' ἐκείνην ουν τὴν νύκτα ἐπιστολὰς ὁ Οὐολογέσης δεξάμενος πολεμίους ἐμβαλόντας τῇ Παρθυηνῇ ταύτην πορθεῖν, αὐτίκα σπεύδων 2.41 ἀνέζευξεν απρακτος. καὶ ουτως ̓Ιζάτης προμηθείᾳ θεοῦ τὰς ἀπειλὰς τοῦ Πάρθου διέφυγε. μετὰ δέ τινα χρόνον θνήσκει, πεντήκοντα καὶ πέντε ζήσας ἐνιαυτούς, εικοσι δὲ καὶ τέσσαρας ἀνύσας ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ· θνήσκει δ' ἐπὶ παισὶν εικοσι καὶ τέσσαρσιν αρρεσι καὶ τοσαύταις θηλείαις. τὴν δ' ἀρχὴν τῷ ἀδελφῷ Μονοβάζῳ κατέλιπεν. Φάδου μέντοι τῆς ̓Ιουδαίας ἐπιτροπεύοντος ἀνήρ τις γόης Θευδᾶς ονομα πείθει τὸν πλεῖστον οχλον ἀναλαβόντα τὰς κτήσεις επεσθαι πρὸς τὸν ̓Ιορδάνην αὐτῷ· προφήτης γὰρ ελεγεν ειναι καὶ σχίσαι τὸν ποταμὸν προστάγματι δύνασθαι· καὶ πλείστους ἠπάτησε. πέμψας δ' ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ιλην ἱππέων ὁ Φάδος πολλοὺς μὲν ἀνεῖλεν, οὐ μείους δ' ἐζώγρησε, καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν Θευδᾶν, ου τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐκτεμόντες ἐκόμισαν εἰς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα. Φάδον δὲ Τιβέριος ̓Αλέξανδρος διεδέξατο, ̓Αλεξάνδρου τοῦ ἀλαβαρχήσαντος ἐν ̓Αλεξανδρείᾳ υἱός. καὶ οἱ παῖδες δὲ τοῦ Γαλιλαίου ̓Ιούδα ̓Ιάκωβος καὶ Σίμων, τοῦ τὸν λαὸν ἀποστήσαντος Κυρηνίου τιμητεύοντος, ἀνῃρέθησαν, ους ἀνεσταύρωσεν ὁ ̓Αλέξανδρος. ὁ δὲ τῆς Χαλκίδος βασιλεύων ̔Ηρώδης μεταστήσας τῆς ἀρχιερωσύνης ̓Ιωσὴφ τὸν τοῦ Κεμεδῆ, ̓Ανανίᾳ τῷ τοῦ Νεδεβαίου παρέσχεν αὐτήν. Τιβερίῳ δὲ ̓Αλεξάνδρῳ Κούμανος ηλθε διάδοχος. ἐν ὀγδόῳ δ' ετει τῆς Κλαυδίου μοναρχίας ̔Ηρώδης ὁ τοῦ μεγάλου ̓Αγρίππου ἀδελφὸς τελευτᾷ ἐφ' υἱέσι τρισί· τὴν δ' ἀρχὴν αὐτοῦ τῷ νεωτέρῳ ̓Αγρίππᾳ δέδωκε Κλαύδιος. Κουμάνου δὲ τῆς ̓Ιουδαίας ἐπιτροπεύοντος πλῆθος κατὰ τὴν ἑορτὴν τοῦ πάσχα εἰς ̔Ιεροσόλυμα 2.42 ηθροιστο. ινα γοῦν μή τι νεωτερισθείη παρὰ τοῦ πλήθους οντος πολλοῦ, στρατιώτας ἐνόπλους ἐπὶ τῶν τοῦ ἱεροῦ στοῶν ὁ Κούμανος εστησε καταστελοῦντας τὸν θόρυβον, ἐὰν γένηται· τοῦτο δὲ καὶ οἱ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐποίουν. τετάρτῃ δ' ἡμέρᾳ τῆς ἑορτῆς στρατιώτης τῶν ἐν ταῖς στοαῖς ἀνακαλυψάμενος τὴν αἰδῶ τοῖς πλήθεσιν ἐπεδείκνυεν. οἱ δ' ἐθυμοῦντο ὡς εἰς τὸν θεὸν τοῦ στρατιώτου ἠσεβηκότος, καὶ οἱ θρασύτεροι τὸν Κούμανον ἐβλασφήμουν. καὶ ος πρὸς τὰς βλασφημίας ἠρέθιστο, καὶ κελεύει τὸ στράτευμα πᾶν ηκειν εἰς τὴν ̓Αντωνίαν τὸ φρούριον τῷ ἱερῷ ἐπικείμενον. τὸ πλῆθος ουν τοὺς ὁπλίτας θεασάμενον εἰς φυγὴν ωρμησε, καὶ τῶν ἐξόδων στενῶν οὐσῶν συνωθούμενοι κατὰ τὴν φυγὴν πολλοὶ ὑπ' ἀλλήλων συνθλιβόμενοι καὶ συμπατούμενοι διεφθάρησαν, ὡς δύο μυριάδας ἀριθμηθῆναι τοὺς τότε διαφθαρέντας· καὶ πένθος ην ἀντὶ πανηγύρεως. Ουπω τὸ πένθος τοῦτο κατηύναστο καὶ κακὸν προστίθεται ετερον. τινὲς γὰρ τῶν ἐπὶ νεωτερισμοῖς ἡδομένων Στέφανόν τινα δοῦλον τοῦ Καίσαρος ὁδοιποροῦντα λῃστεύσαντες