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they consider the wall sacred; but if they had considered the gates 2.91 sacred, it would not have been possible to bring in some necessary and unclean things through them, and send others out. And the founding of this city was completed on the eleventh day before the Kalends of May, which would rather be the twentieth of April; and the Romans celebrate this day, calling it the birthday of their fatherland. It is recorded that Romulus was eighteen years old when he founded Rome. And he founded it around the dwelling of Faustulus; and the place was named Palatium. When the city was founded, however, he divided as many of the multitude as happened to be of military age into military units, and each unit was of three thousand infantry and three hundred cavalry, and it was called a legion, because the fighting men were chosen from all, and the others he used as the people (demos). and he named the people (demos) populus; whence also in the law books a popular action is called popularia. However, from those more distinguished by birth, intelligence, and choice of life, he appointed one hundred councilors, naming them patricians; and the remaining body he addressed as the senate, which is a council of elders. The councilors, however, were called patricians either because they were fathers of legitimate children, or rather because they were each able to prove their own fathers, being of a known family, or from patronia; for thus they called patronage; for they called those who were guardians and helpers patrons. And one might best guess the intention of Romulus, if one thought that through this name he meant to show that the first 2.92 and most powerful men of the city ought to care for the more humble with a fatherly guardianship, and at the same time to lead the people through the appellation of patricians not to be vexed at the honors of their superiors, but to be well-disposed, considering them fathers and so addressing them. And since many had settled in the city, of whom few were joined with women, a concern arose for Romulus that those men too might have women live with them. For since they were a mixed crowd and from poor and obscure origins, they were looked down upon for marriage by the neighboring peoples. Therefore, he planned for his citizens to take wives by seizure, and he proclaimed that a sacrifice and games and a festive spectacle were about to be held, as if an altar of a new god had been found. And many came together. And he himself sat in front with the nobles, adorned with a purple robe; and he gave the people the signal for the attempt: the unfolding of the purple robe and then the wrapping of it again. When this was done, they drew their swords and rushed with a shout and seized the virgin daughters of the Sabines, but not anyone's wives. When the seizure had been dared, the Sabines, being many and warlike and inhabiting unwalled villages because of their great pride as colonists of the Lacedaemonians, sent an embassy to Romulus, seeking to undo the act of violence, and to establish friendship and kinship with their people by persuasion and law. But when Romulus did not give up the maidens, and demanded that the Sabines accept the alliance, the others spent time deliberating, but Acron, the king of the Caeninenses, a spirited and most warlike man, rose up first and marched with a great force against 2.93 Romulus. And when they came together they challenged each other to fight, while their armies remained still. When single combat took place between them, Romulus struck down Acron, and his army was also routed when battle was joined; and he takes the city, yet he did not treat those in it badly, but only ordered them to tear down their houses and follow him to Rome, to be citizens and be deemed worthy of equal rights. Then also other Sabines fought with the Romans and were defeated. After these things, the rest of the Sabines, having appointed Tatius as general, marched against Rome and took the Capitol, which was betrayed by Tarpeia, the daughter of the garrison commander. For she, having gone down for water, was captured and brought to Tatius, and was persuaded to betray the fortress, having fallen in love with the golden bracelets,

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τεῖχος νομίζουσιν ἱερόν· τὰς δὲ πύλας ειπερ ηγηντο 2.91 ἱεράς, οὐκ ην τὰ μὲν δι' αὐτῶν εἰσάγειν, τὰ δὲ ἀποπέμπειν τῶν ἀναγκαίων καὶ μὴ καθαρῶν. ̔Η δὲ κτίσις τῆς πόλεως ταύτης ἡμέρᾳ τετέλεστο τῇ πρὸ ενδεκα καλανδῶν Μαΐων, η αν ειη μᾶλλον εἰκοστὴ ̓Απριλλίου· καὶ τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην ἑορτάζουσι ̔Ρωμαῖοι, γενέθλιον τῆς πατρίδος ὀνομάζοντες. ὀκτωκαίδεκα δ' ειναι ̔Ρωμύλος ἐνιαυτῶν ἀναγέγραπται οτε τὴν ̔Ρώμην συνῴκισεν. εκτισε δὲ αὐτὴν περὶ τὴν τοῦ Φαυστούλου οικησιν· ὠνόμαστο δ' ὁ χῶρος Παλάτιον. Κτισθείσης μέντοι τῆς πόλεως, οσον μὲν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ στρατευσίμῳ πλῆθος ἐτύγχανεν, εἰς στρατιωτικὰ διεῖλε συντάγματα, εκαστον δὲ σύνταγμα πεζῶν τρισχιλίων ην καὶ τριακοσίων ἱππέων, ἐκλήθη δὲ λεγεών, οτι λογάδες ησαν ἐκ πάντων οἱ μάχιμοι, τοῖς δ' αλλοις δήμῳ ἐκέχρητο. καὶ τὸν δῆμον ποπούλους ὠνόμασεν· οθεν καὶ παρὰ ταῖς βίβλοις ταῖς νομικαῖς ποπουλαρία κέκληται ἡ δημοτικὴ ἀγωγή. τῶν μέντοι περιφανεστέρων γένει τε καὶ συνέσει καὶ βίου αἱρέσει ἑκατὸν ἀπέδειξε βουλευτάς, πατρικίους ὀνομάσας αὐτούς· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν σύστημα σενάτον προσηγόρευσεν, ο ἐστι γερουσία. πατρίκιοι μέντοι οἱ βουλευταὶ ἐπεκλήθησαν η οτι παίδων ησαν γνησίων πατέρες, η μᾶλλον οτι αὐτοὶ πατέρας ἑαυτῶν ἀποδεικνύειν ἠδύναντο εκαστος ἐκ γένους οντες γνωρίμου, η ἀπὸ τῆς πατρωνίας· ουτω δ' ἐκάλουν τὴν προστασίαν· πάτρωνας γὰρ τοὺς κηδεμονικοὺς καὶ βοηθητικοὺς προσηγόρευον. μάλιστα δ' αν τις καταστοχάσαιτο τῆς τοῦ ̔Ρωμύλου διανοίας, εἰ οιοιτο διὰ τῆς κλήσεως ταύτης ἐμφαίνειν χρῆναι τοὺς πρώτους 2.92 καὶ δυνατωτάτους τῆς πόλεως πατρικῇ κηδεμονίᾳ κήδεσθαι τῶν ταπεινοτέρων, αμα δὲ καὶ τὸν δῆμον ἐνάγειν διὰ τῆς τῶν πατρικίων προσηγορίας εἰς τὸ μὴ αχθεσθαι ταῖς τῶν κρειττόνων τιμαῖς, ἀλλ' εὐνοϊκῶς διακεῖσθαι, νομίζοντας πατέρας αὐτοὺς καὶ προσαγορεύοντας. Πολλῶν δὲ τῇ πόλει ἐνοικισθέντων, ων ὀλίγοι γυναιξὶ συνεζεύγνυντο, φροντὶς τῷ ̔Ρωμύλῳ ἐγένετο ινα κἀκεῖνοι γυναῖκας ἑαυτοῖς συνοικίσωσι. σύγκλυδες γὰρ καὶ ἐξ ἀπόρων οντες καὶ ἀφανῶν, ὑπερωρῶντο πρὸς κῆδος παρὰ τῶν γειτνιώντων ἐθνῶν. βουλεύεται τοίνυν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς λαβεῖν γυναῖκας τοὺς πολίτας αὐτοῦ, καὶ κηρύσσει θυσίαν καὶ ἀγῶνα καὶ θέαν μέλλειν τελεῖν πανηγυρικήν, ὡς βωμοῦ εὑρημένου θεοῦ καινοῦ. καὶ πολλοὶ συνῆλθον. αὐτὸς δὲ προυκάθητο μετὰ τῶν ἀρίστων, ἁλουργίδι κεκοσμημένος· δέδωκε δὲ τῷ δήμῳ τῆς ἐπιχειρήσεως σύμβολον τὴν τῆς ἁλουργίδος διάπτυξιν καὶ αυθις ταύτης περιβολήν. ου γενομένου σπασάμενοι τὰ ξίφη μετὰ βοῆς ωρμησαν καὶ ηρπαζον τὰς θυγατέρας τῶν Σαβίνων παρθένους, οὐ μέντοι γυναῖκάς τινων. Τολμηθείσης δὲ τῆς ἁρπαγῆς οἱ Σαβῖνοι, πολλοὶ καὶ πολεμικοὶ οντες καὶ κώμας ἀτειχίστους οἰκοῦντες διὰ τὸ μέγα φρονεῖν ὡς Λακεδαιμονίων αποικοι, πρεσβείαν πρὸς τὸν ̔Ρωμύλον πεποίηνται, λῦσαι τὸ τῆς βίας εργον ζητοῦντες, πειθοῖ δὲ καὶ νόμῳ πράττειν τοῖς γένεσι φιλίαν καὶ οἰκειότητα. τοῦ δὲ ̔Ρωμύλου τὰς μὲν κόρας μὴ προϊεμένου, ἀξιοῦντος δὲ τὴν κοινωνίαν δέχεσθαι τοὺς Σαβίνους, οἱ μὲν αλλοι βουλευόμενοι διέτριβον, Ακρων δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Καινηνιτῶν, θυμοειδὴς ἀνὴρ καὶ πολεμικώτατος, προεξανέστη καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς ἐχώρει δυνάμεως ἐπὶ 2.93 τὸν ̔Ρωμύλον. ὁμοῦ δὲ γεγονότες ἀλλήλους προυκαλοῦντο μάχεσθαι, ἀτρεμούντων τῶν στρατευμάτων. τῆς γοῦν μονομαχίας ἀμφοῖν γενομένης καταβάλλει μὲν ὁ ̔Ρωμύλος τὸν Ακρωνα, τρέπεται δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐκείνου στράτευμα μάχης συγκροτηθείσης· καὶ τὴν πόλιν αἱρεῖ, οὐ μέντοι τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ κακόν τι διέθετο, ἀλλ' η μόνον ἐκέλευσε τὰς οἰκίας καθελόντας ἀκολουθεῖν εἰς ̔Ρώμην αὐτῷ, ὡς πολίτας ἐσομένους καὶ τῶν ισων ἀξιωθησομένους. Ειτα καὶ αλλοι τῶν Σαβίνων τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις ἐμαχέσαντο καὶ ἡττήθησαν. ἐπὶ τούτοις οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν Σαβίνων στρατηγὸν τὸν Τάτιον ἀποδείξαντες ἐπὶ τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἐστράτευσαν καὶ τὸ Καπιτώλιον ειλον προδεδομένον ὑπὸ Ταρπηίας τῆς θυγατρὸς τοῦ φρουράρχου. ἐκείνη γὰρ ἐφ' υδωρ κατελθοῦσα συνελήφθη καὶ ηχθη πρὸς Τάτιον, καὶ ἀνεπείσθη προδοῦναι τὸ ερυμα, τῶν χρυσῶν βραχιονιστήρων ἐρασθεῖσα,