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When a reconciliation was made, immunity for their actions was given to those who had caused the disturbance, and the decarchy was dissolved; and the annual magistracies, both the others and those of the tribunes, returned with the same privileges as they had had before. And having been appointed as magistrates, both others and Verginius threw Oppius and Claudius into prison, who killed themselves before being brought to trial; and they indicted the rest, and having convicted them, drove them into exile. And the consuls, for it is said that they were then first called consuls, having been called praetors before—and they were Valerius and Horatius—both then and afterwards sided with the plebs and strengthened them more than the patricians. Therefore the patricians, being at a disadvantage, neither assembled easily nor had matters entirely in their own hands, but they had also granted to the tribunes to use augury in assemblies; which in word brought them honor and dignity, for from very ancient times this had been permitted only to the patricians, but in deed it was an obstacle, so that the tribunes and the plebs might not easily do whatever they wished, but might sometimes be hindered on the pretext of augury. But being annoyed with the consuls, both the patricians and the senate, because they favored the plebs, did not vote them a triumph, although each had won a war, nor did they assign a day to each, as was customary. The plebs, however, celebrated for two 2.143 days and voted the victory honors to the consuls. Thus, when the Romans had come into conflict, their enemies took courage and came against them. But in the following year, when Marcus Genucius and Gaius Curtius were consuls, they turned against one another. For the plebs also wished to hold the consulship, since the patricians were holding the tribuneship by transferring to their ranks, and the patricians clung exceedingly to the consular office. And they both said and did many violent things against each other. And so that they might not proceed to something worse, the powerful men conceded to them the substance of the leadership, but they did not share the name, but instead of consuls they named them military tribunes, so that the honor of the title might not be defiled by the vulgar crowd. And it was decided that three military tribunes from each side should be elected instead of the two consuls. The name of the consuls, however, did not disappear completely, but sometimes consuls were appointed, and sometimes military tribunes. Thus, then, it is handed down that these things happened, although not only consuls appointed dictators, and this when they were much diminished from that office, but also military tribunes sometimes did this; and it is said that none of the military tribunes, although many were often victorious, celebrated a triumph. The military tribunes, then, were thus elected at that time, and the censors were appointed in the following year, when Barbatus and Marcus Macrinus were consuls; and both Lucius Papirius and Lucius Sempronius were elected. And they were elected because the consuls were unable to suffice for everything on account of the multitude; for the privileges assigned to the censors, they had exercised until then. 2.144 And there were two censors from the beginning, and from the patricians. And they held office at first and at last for a five-year period, but in the intermediate time for three six-month periods; and they became greater than the consuls, although having taken a part of their authority. And it was permitted to them to lease out the public revenues, and to have charge of the roads and public buildings, and to carry out the censuses of each man's property, and to watch over and examine the life of the citizens, and to enroll those worthy of praise into the tribes and into the equestrian order and the senate, as was thought fitting for each, but to strike off those not living well from all of them alike; which was greater than all of the powers left to the consuls. And they made sworn pledges for each matter that they do nothing either for favor or for enmity, but from right judgment they both consider and do the things advantageous to the common good. And they used to assemble the people for the introduction of laws and for other matters, and they used the insignia of the greater magistracies, except for the lictors. Such was the office of the censors. of the

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συναλλαγῆς γενομένης τοῖς μὲν θορυβήσασιν αδεια τῶν πραχθέντων ἐδόθη καὶ ἡ δεκαρχία κατελύθη, αἱ δὲ ἐπέτειοι ἀρχαὶ αι τε λοιπαὶ καὶ αἱ τῶν δημάρχων ἐπὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς προνομίοις ἐπανῆλθον ἐφ' οισπερ ησαν καὶ πρότερον. ἀποδειχθέντες δὲ αρχοντες αλλοι τε καὶ Οὐεργίνιος τὸν μὲν Οππιον τόν τε Κλαύδιον εἰς δεσμωτήριον ἐνέβαλον, οι πρὶν εὐθυνθῆναι ἑαυτοὺς διεχειρίσαντο, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς ἐγράψαντο καὶ ἑλόντες ἐξήλασαν. Οἱ δ' υπατοι, τότε γὰρ λέγεται πρῶτον ὑπάτους αὐτοὺς προσαγορευθῆναι, στρατηγοὺς καλουμένους τὸ πρότερον· ησαν δὲ Οὐαλέριος καὶ ̔Οράτιος, καὶ τότε καὶ μετέπειτα τῷ πλήθει προσέκειντο καὶ μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς η τοὺς εὐπατρίδας ἐκράτυναν. ἐλαττούμενοι ουν οἱ εὐπατρίδαι ουτε ῥᾴδιον συνελέγοντο ουτε τὰ πράγματα ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἐποίουν παντάπασιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς δημάρχους οἰωνοσκοπίᾳ ἐν συλλόγοις χρῆσθαι δεδώκασιν· ο λόγῳ μὲν τιμὴν αὐτοῖς εφερε καὶ ἀξίωμα, μόνοις γὰρ τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου τοῖς εὐπατρίδαις ἐπετέτραπτο, εργῳ δὲ κώλυμα ην, ινα μὴ ῥᾳδίως οἱ δήμαρχοι καὶ τὸ πλῆθος οσα βούλοιντο πράττοιεν, ἀλλὰ προφάσει τῆς οἰωνοσκοπίας εστιν ου ἐμποδίζοιντο. ἀχθόμενοι δὲ τοῖς ὑπάτοις οι τε εὐπατρίδαι καὶ ἡ βουλή, ὡς τὰ τοῦ πλήθους φρονοῦσιν, οὐκ ἐψηφίσαντο σφίσι τὰ ἐπινίκια, πόλεμον ἑκατέρου νικήσαντος, οὐδ' ἡμέραν ἑκάστῳ ἀπένειμαν, ωσπερ ειθιστο. τὸ μέντοι πλῆθος ἐπὶ δύο τε 2.143 ἡμέρας ἑώρτασε καὶ τοῖς ὑπάτοις τὰ νικητήρια ἐψηφίσαντο. Ουτως ουν ἐς διαφορὰς τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων ἐλθόντων οἱ ἐναντίοι σφίσιν ἀναθαρσήσαντες ἐπῄεσαν αὐτοῖς. τῷ δ' ἑξῆς ετει Μάρκου Γενουκίου καὶ Γαΐου Κουρτίου ὑπατευόντων ἐπ' ἀλλήλους ἐτράποντο. οι τε γὰρ τοῦ πλήθους καὶ ὑπατεύειν ηθελον, ἐπείπερ ἐδημάρχουν οἱ εὐπατρίδαι πρὸς αὐτοὺς μεθιστάμενοι, καὶ οἱ εὐπατρίδαι λίαν τῆς ὑπάτου ἀρχῆς περιείχοντο. καὶ πολλὰ κατ' ἀλλήλων καὶ βίαια ελεγόν τε καὶ επραττον. ινα δὲ μὴ πρός τι χεῖρον χωρήσωσι, τοῦ μὲν εργου τῆς ἡγεμονίας οἱ δυνατοὶ αὐτοῖς παρεχώρησαν, τοῦ δὲ ὀνόματος οὐ μετέδωκαν, ἀλλ' ἀνθ' ὑπάτων χιλιάρχους ὠνόμασαν, ινα μὴ τὸ τῆς κλήσεως εντιμον τῷ σύρφακι ὁμίλῳ καταρρυπαίνοιτο. καὶ τρεῖς ἀφ' ἑκατέρων χιλιάρχους ἀντὶ τῶν δύο ὑπάτων αἱρεῖσθαι συνέδοξεν. οὐ μέντοι τὸ τῶν ὑπάτων ἐξέλιπε τέλεον ονομα, ἀλλὰ ποτὲ μὲν υπατοι καθίσταντο, ποτὲ δέ γε χιλίαρχοι. ουτω μὲν ουν ταῦτα παραδέδοται γίνεσθαι, καίτοι οὐ μόνον τῶν ὑπάτων δικτάτωρας ἀνειπόντων, καὶ ταῦτα πολὺ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐκείνης ἐλαττουμένων, ἀλλὰ καὶ χιλιάρχων τοῦτο πεποιηκότων ἐνίοτε· λέγεται δὲ οτι οὐδεὶς τῶν χιλιάρχων, καίτοι πολλῶν πολλάκις νικησάντων, ἐπινίκια επεμψεν. Οἱ μὲν ουν χιλίαρχοι ουτω τότε ᾑρέθησαν, οἱ δὲ τιμηταὶ τῷ ἐχομένῳ ετει Βαρβάτου καὶ Μάρκου Μακρίνου ὑπατευόντων κατεδείχθησαν· καὶ ᾑρέθησαν Λούκιός τε Παπείριος καὶ Λούκιος Σεμπρώνιος. κεχειροτόνηντο δὲ οτι οἱ υπατοι ἀδύνατοι ἐπὶ πάντας διὰ τὸ πλῆθος ἐξαρκεῖν ησαν· τὰ γὰρ τοῖς τιμηταῖς ἀπονεμηθέντα προνόμια ἐκεῖνοι μέχρι τότε ἐποίουν. 2.144 δύο τε ησαν οἱ τιμηταὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐκ τῶν εὐπατριδῶν. ηρχον δὲ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα καὶ τὰ τελευταῖα ἐπὶ πενταετίαν, ἐν δὲ τῷ μέσῳ χρόνῳ ἐπὶ τρεῖς ἑξαμήνους· καὶ ἐγένοντο τῶν ὑπάτων μείζους, καίτοι μέρος τῆς ἐκείνων λαβόντες ἀρχῆς. ἐξῆν δὲ αὐτοῖς τάς τε προσόδους τὰς κοινὰς ἐκμισθοῦν, καὶ τῶν ὁδῶν καὶ τῶν δημοσίων οἰκοδομημάτων ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, καὶ τὰς ἀπογραφὰς τῆς ἑκάστου εὐπορίας διατελεῖν, καὶ τὸν βίον τῶν πολιτῶν ἐπισκοπεῖν τε καὶ ἐξετάζειν, καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἀξίους ἐπαίνου ἐς τὰς φυλὰς καὶ ἐς τὴν ἱππάδα καὶ τὴν γερουσίαν ἐγγράφειν, καθὼς ἑκάστοις προσήκειν ἐνομίζετο, τοὺς δ' οὐκ ευ βιοῦντας ἁπανταχόθεν ὁμοίως ἀπαλείφειν· ο μεῖζον πάντων ην τῶν τοῖς ὑπάτοις καταλειφθέντων. πίστεις δ' ἐνόρκους ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ πεποίηντο ὡς ουτε πρὸς χάριν ουτε πρὸς εχθραν τι ποιοῦσιν, ἀλλ' ἐξ ὀρθῆς γνώμης τὰ συμφέροντα τῷ κοινῷ καὶ σκοποῦσι καὶ πράττουσι. καὶ τὸν δῆμον ἐπί τε νόμων εἰσφοραῖς καὶ τοῖς αλλοις συνήθροιζον, καὶ τῷ τῶν μειζόνων ἀρχῶν κόσμῳ πλὴν ῥαβδούχων ἐχρῶντο. τοιαύτη ἡ τῶν τιμητῶν ὑπῆρχεν ἀρχή. τῶν