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he tried, but Furius was not persuaded. But the men with Flaminius, who were about to be left behind, feared that if isolated they might suffer something at the hands of the enemy, and when they begged him to wait for a few days, he was persuaded, but he did not, however, take on any action. But Flaminius, ranging through the country, ravaged it and destroyed some fortresses, and all the spoils he gave to the soldiers, currying favor with them. Having returned home late, they were accused of disobedience by the senate, for because of their anger toward Flaminius they dishonored Furius as well, but the populace, in rivalry, voted in favor of Flaminius for the triumphal honors. And after celebrating them, they resigned their office. Other consuls, Claudius Marcellus and Gnaeus Scipio, being chosen in their place, marched against the Insubres; for they did not vote for peace when the Insubres asked for it. And both at first, while fighting, were mostly victorious, but then, learning that their allied territory was being plundered, they separated. And Marcellus, coming quickly upon those 2.232 who were plundering the allied territory, did not find them there, but pursued them as they fled and defeated them when they made a stand, while Scipio, remaining in his position, besieged Acerrae, and having taken it, made it a base for the war, as it was strategically located and well-fortified. And setting out from there, they captured both Mediolanum and another town. And when these were taken, the rest of the Insubres also submitted to them, giving money and part of their land. Then Publius Cornelius and Marcus Minucius campaigned against the Istri, and they subdued many of the nations there, some by war and some by agreement. And Lucius Veturius and Gaius Lutatius went as far as the Alps, and without a battle they won over many. However, the ruler of the Ardiaei, Demetrius, as has been said somewhere above, was oppressive to the natives and committed outrages against their neighbors and seemed to be doing wrong by taking advantage of the friendship of the Romans. And when the consuls Aemilius Paulus and Marcus Livius perceived this, they sent for him. But when he did not obey, but even attacked their allied territory, they marched against him while he was at Issa. And having learned beforehand that he was secretly anchored somewhere in the shallows, they sent a part of their fleet to approach the other side of the island. And as a result of this, when the Illyrians turned upon those ships as if they were the only ones, they themselves, sailing up at their leisure, both encamped in a suitable place and on the same day repulsed the natives who attacked them in anger at the deception. And when Demetrius fled to Pharos, another island, they sailed against that one too and 2.233 defeated those who opposed them and took the city by treachery, while Demetrius escaped. He at that time went to Macedonia with a great deal of money to Philip its king and was not surrendered by him, but upon returning to the Illyrians he was captured by the Romans and brought to justice. In the following year the Romans went to war openly with the Carthaginians, and this war happened to be much shorter in time than the former, but in its deeds and sufferings both greater and more difficult. Hannibal, commanding the Carthaginian forces, especially stirred this up. This Hannibal was the son of Hamilcar Barcas, and from boyhood he was trained to oppose the Romans. For Hamilcar used to say that he was raising all his sons like so many lion's whelps against them, and seeing that Hannibal was far superior by nature, he both made him swear an oath to make war on them and for this reason he taught him both other things and especially matters of war, when he was fifteen years old; whence he was not able to succeed to the command when his father died. But when Hasdrubal died, he no longer delayed, being then twenty-six years old, but immediately took charge of the army in Iberia and, being appointed general by them, he took command and had his leadership confirmed by the authorities at home. And having done these things, he needed a plausible pretext for his attack against the Romans, and he made this the Zacynthians in Iberia. For these, living not far from the river the

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ἐπειρᾶτο, Φούριος δ' οὐκ ἐπείθετο. τῶν δὲ μετὰ τοῦ Φλαμινίου μελλόντων καταλειφθήσεσθαι φοβηθέντων μὴ μονωθέντες πάθωσί τι παρὰ τῶν ἐναντίων, καὶ δεηθέντων ἡμέρας τινὰς προσμεῖναι, ἐπείσθη, οὐ μέντοι καὶ εργου ηψατο. Φλαμίνιος δὲ περινοστῶν τὴν χώραν ετεμνε καὶ ἐρύματά τινα κατεστρέψατο, τά τε λάφυρα πάντα τοῖς στρατιώταις, θεραπεύων αὐτούς, ἐχαρίσατο. ὀψὲ δ' οικαδε ἐπανελθόντες ὑπὸ μὲν τῆς γερουσίας αἰτίαν τῆς ἀπειθείας εσχον, διὰ γὰρ τὴν πρὸς τὸν Φλαμίνιον ὀργὴν ἠτίμασαν καὶ τὸν Φούριον, τὸ δὲ πλῆθος ἀντιφιλονεικῆσαν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Φλαμινίου ἐψηφίσαντο τὰ νικητήρια. καὶ ἀγαγόντες αὐτὰ ἐξέστησαν τῆς ἀρχῆς. Ετεροι δὲ υπατοι Κλαύδιος Μάρκελλος καὶ Γναῖος Σκιπίων ἀνθαιρεθέντες ἐστράτευσαν ἐπὶ τοὺς ̓Ινσούβρους· εἰρήνην γὰρ αὐτοῖς αἰτήσασιν οὐκ ἐψηφίσαντο. καὶ αμφω μὲν πρῶτον πολεμοῦντες τὰ πλείω ἐκράτουν, επειτα τὴν συμμαχίδα λεηλατουμένην μαθόντες διῃρέθησαν. καὶ Μάρκελλος μὲν ἐπὶ τοὺς 2.232 ληιζομένους τὴν σύμμαχον διὰ ταχέων ἐλθὼν οὐ κατέλαβε σφᾶς ἐκεῖ, φεύγοντας δ' ἐπεδίωξε καὶ ὑποστάντας ἐνίκησε, Σκιπίων δὲ κατὰ χώραν μείνας ̓Ακέρας ἐπολιόρκει, καὶ λαβὼν αὐτὰς ὁρμητήριον τοῦ πολέμου πεποίηκεν, ουσας ἐπικαίρους καὶ εὐερκεῖς. κἀντεῦθεν ὁρμώμενοι τό τε Μεδιόλανον καὶ κωμόπολιν ἑτέραν ἐχειρώσαντο. ἁλόντων δὲ τούτων καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ̓Ινσοῦβροι ὡμολόγησαν αὐτοῖς, χρήματα καὶ μέρος τῆς γῆς δόντες. Ειτα Πούπλιός τε Κορνήλιος καὶ Μάρκος Μινούκιος ἐπ' Ιστρου ἐστράτευσαν, καὶ πολλὰ τῶν ἐκεῖ ἐθνῶν τὰ μὲν πολέμῳ, τὰ δὲ ὁμολογίαις ὑπέταξαν. Λούκιος δὲ Οὐετούριος καὶ Γάιος Λουτάτιος ηλθον μέχρι τῶν Αλπεων, ανευ δὲ μάχης πολλοὺς ᾠκειώσαντο. ὁ μέντοι τῶν Σαρδιαίων αρχων ∆ημήτριος, ὡς ανω που ειρηται, τοῖς ἐπιχωρίοις ἐπαχθὴς ην καὶ τὰ τῶν πλησιοίκων ἐκακούργει καὶ ἐδόκει τῇ ̔Ρωμαίων φιλίᾳ ἀποχρώμενος ἀδικεῖν. αἰσθόμενοι δὲ τοῦτο οἱ υπατοι Αἰμίλιος Παῦλος καὶ Μάρκος Λιούιος μετεπέμψαντο αὐτόν. ὡς δ' οὐχ ὑπήκουσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς συμμαχίδος σφῶν ηπτετο, ἐστράτευσαν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Ισσῃ οντα. καὶ προμαθόντες οτι ὑφώρμει που τῶν κατάρσεων, μέρος τῶν νεῶν εἰς τὰ ἐπὶ θάτερα τῆς νήσου προσμίξαι επεμψαν. κἀκ τούτου τῶν ̓Ιλλυριῶν ἐπ' ἐκείνους ὡς καὶ μόνους οντας τραπομένων, αὐτοὶ κατὰ σχολὴν προσπλεύσαντες ἐν ἐπιτηδείῳ τε ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο καὶ προσπεσόντας σφίσιν αὐθημερὸν τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους ὀργῇ τῆς ἀπάτης ἀπεώσαντο. τοῦ δὲ ∆ημητρίου ἐς Φάρον ἑτέραν νῆσον διαφυγόντος, καὶ ἐπ' ἐκείνην επλευσαν καὶ 2.233 τῶν ἀντικαταστάντων ἐκράτησαν καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐκ προδοσίας ειλον, τοῦ ∆ημητρίου διαδράντος. ος τότε μὲν εἰς Μακεδονίαν μετὰ πολλῶν χρημάτων πρὸς Φίλιππον τὸν βασιλέα αὐτῆς ἐλθὼν ὑπ' ἐκείνου μὲν οὐκ ἐξεδόθη, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ̓Ιλλυριοὺς ἐπανελθὼν συνελήφθη ὑπὸ ̔Ρωμαίων καὶ ἐδικαιώθη. Τῷ δ' ἐχομένῳ ετει περιφανῶς οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις ἐξεπολεμώθησαν, καὶ ὁ πόλεμος ουτος τῷ μὲν χρόνῳ πολὺ ἐλάσσων τοῦ προτέρου συμβέβηκε, τοῖς δ' εργοις τοῖς τε παθήμασι καὶ μείζων καὶ χαλεπώτερος. ἐπῆρε δὲ τοῦτον μάλιστα ὁ ̓Αννίβας στραταρχῶν τῶν Καρχηδονίων. ὁ δ' ̓Αννίβας ουτος παῖς τοῦ ̓Αμίλκου τοῦ Βαρχίδου ἐγένετο, καὶ ἐκ παίδων εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τοὺς ̔Ρωμαίους ἠσκήθη. πάντας γὰρ τοὺς υἱεῖς ὁ ̓Αμίλκας ωσπερ τινὰς σκύμνους ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τρέφειν ελεγεν, ἐκεῖνον δὲ πολὺ τῇ φύσει προφέροντα ὁρῶν καὶ ωρκωσε πολεμήσειν αὐτοῖς καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τά τε αλλα καὶ τὰ πολέμια ετι μᾶλλον αὐτὸν ἐξεδίδασκε, πεντεκαιδεκαέτη οντα· οθεν οὐκ ἠδυνήθη θανόντος αὐτῷ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν στρατηγίαν διαδέξασθαι. ἐπεὶ δὲ ὁ ̓Ασδρούβας ἐτελεύτησεν, οὐκέτι ἐμέλλησεν, εξ τότε καὶ εικοσιν ἐτῶν γεγονώς, ἀλλὰ τό τε στράτευμα ἐν τῇ ̓Ιβηρίᾳ αὐτίκα προκατέλαβε καὶ στρατηγὸς ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἀναδειχθεὶς διῳκήσατο καὶ παρὰ τῶν οικοι τελῶν βεβαιωθῆναι αὐτῷ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν. πράξας δὲ ταῦτα προφάσεως εὐπρεποῦς ἐδεῖτο εἰς τὴν κατὰ ̔Ρωμαίων ὁρμήν, καὶ ταύτην ἐποιήσατο τοὺς ἐν τῇ ̓Ιβηρίᾳ Ζακυνθίους. ουτοι γὰρ οὐ πόρρω τοῦ ποταμοῦ οἰκοῦντες τοῦ