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having tried to provoke him to battle, since he was not able to do this and ran short of provisions, he attacked a fortress in which much grain of the Romans was stored. And accomplishing nothing, he corrupted the garrison commander with money, and he took that place when it was betrayed and hoped to get the others, some by arms, some by gold. And at this time Longus, having entrusted Sicily to his lieutenant, arrived, having been summoned to Scipio. And not much later, out of ambition and because he had overcome some who were ravaging the country, he rushed into battle array. And he was worsted, having fallen into ambushes; and when Hannibal advanced with his 2.242 foot-soldiers and the elephants, those with him were turned to flight, and many were destroyed by slaughter, and many also, having fallen heedlessly into the river, were drowned, so that few were saved with Longus. However, although Hannibal was victorious, he did not rejoice, because he lost both many soldiers and all the elephants except one from the winter storm and their wounds. Therefore, making an un-covenanted truce, they both withdrew to their allied territory, and wintered in their cities. And for the Romans, provisions came in abundance, but Hannibal, not being content with what was given by his allies, fell upon the villages and cities of the Romans, conquering some, but being repulsed from others. And once, having been defeated in a cavalry engagement by Longus, he was wounded. Therefore, some of the Romans, taking courage from this, even by themselves went out against him when he attacked them. And he destroyed them and gained possession of the place by surrender; and he razed it to the ground, and of the captives he killed the Romans but released the others. And this he did with all who were taken alive, winning over the cities through them. Consequently, many of the remaining Gauls and Ligurians and Etruscans defected, some having killed the Romans who were among them, others having handed them over. And as Hannibal was marching into Etruria, Longus attacked him, as a great storm arose. And when many had fallen on both sides, Hannibal went into Liguria and tarried there. And suspecting even his own men, he trusted no one easily, but changed his clothes and used wigs, and adopted different dialects at different times, for 2.243 he knew several, including that of the Latins, and both by night and by day he would reconnoiter much and would listen in on many conversations, pretending not to be Hannibal, and would say some things as if he were someone else. So these things were happening in Italy, but the other Scipio, Gnaeus, sailed over to Iberia, and had taken over all its coastal regions as far as the Iberus and many of the inland areas, some by force, others voluntarily, and having defeated Hanno in battle, he took him prisoner. And Hannibal's kinsman, Hasdrubal, learning of this, crossed the Iberus, and won over some of those who had changed sides; but when Scipio came against him, he retreated. And those in Rome again chose Flaminius and Geminus as consuls. But Hannibal, as soon as spring began, when he learned that Flaminius with Servilius Geminus was coming against him with a large force, he turned to deceiving them, and pretending that he would linger there and join battle, since the Romans, thinking he would remain in position, were careless about the roads, he left the cavalry at the camp, and he himself, breaking camp at night, passed quietly through the narrow passes and hurried towards Arretium; and the cavalry, when he had advanced a good way, departed, following him. And the consuls, realizing they had been deceived, Geminus remained there to harass the defectors and to prevent them from sending aid to the Carthaginians, but Flaminius alone pursued, so that the glory of the victory, as he thought, might be his alone. And he occupied Arretium beforehand; for Hannibal, having turned to a shorter route, encountered difficult passes, and lost many men and many pack animals, and one of his eyes. 2.244 So he came late to Arretium, and finding Flaminius there, he despised him, and did not join battle, for the place seemed to him unsuitable, but making a test of him, he ravaged the country. And at this, when the Romans sallied forth, he led his troops back, in order that

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πειράσας παρακινῆσαι πρὸς μάχην αὐτόν, ἐπεὶ ουτε τοῦτ' ἠδυνήθη καὶ τροφῆς ἐσπάνισε, φρουρίῳ προσέβαλεν ἐν ῳ σῖτος πολὺς τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων εκειτο. καὶ μηδὲν περαίνων, τὸν φρούραρχον διέφθειρε χρήμασι, κἀκεῖνό τε προδοθὲν ελαβε καὶ τὰ αλλα σχεῖν τὰ μὲν οπλοις, τὰ δὲ χρυσίῳ ἐπήλπισε. κἀν τούτῳ ὁ Λόγγος τὴν Σικελίαν τῷ ὑποστρατήγῳ πιστεύσας πρὸς τὸν Σκιπίωνα κεκλημένος ἀφίκετο. καὶ οὐ πολλῷ υστερον ὑπὸ φιλοτιμίας, καὶ οτι τινὰς κατατρέχοντας τὴν χώραν ἐκράτησεν, εἰς παράταξιν ωρμησεν. καὶ ἐσφάλη ἐνέδραις περιπεσών· καὶ τοῦ ̓Αννίβου ἐπεξελθόντος μετὰ τῶν 2.242 πεζῶν καὶ τῶν ἐλεφάντων, οἱ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἐτράπησαν εἰς φυγήν, καὶ πολλοὶ διεφθάρησαν φόνῳ, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ εἰς τὸν ποταμὸν ἀπερισκέπτως ἐμπεσόντες ἐπνίγησαν, ὡς ὀλίγους μετὰ τοῦ Λόγγου περισωθῆναι. νικήσας μέντοι ὁ ̓Αννίβας οὐκ εχαιρεν, οτι στρατιώτας τε πολλοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἐλέφαντας πλὴν ἑνὸς ὑπὸ τοῦ χειμῶνος καὶ τῶν τραυμάτων ἀπέβαλεν. ̓Ανοχὴν ουν ασπονδον ποιησάμενοι πρὸς τὴν συμμαχίδα σφῶν ἑκάτεροι ἐχώρησαν, κἀν ταῖς πόλεσιν αὐτῶν ἐχείμαζον. καὶ τοῖς μὲν ̔Ρωμαίοις αφθονα ἐφοίτα τὰ ἐπιτήδεια, ὁ δ' ̓Αννίβας οὐκ ἀρκούμενος τοῖς παρὰ τῶν συμμάχων διδομένοις ταῖς τε κώμαις καὶ ταῖς πόλεσι τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων προσπίπτων τὰ μὲν ἐκράτει, τὰ δ' ἀπεκρούετο. καί ποτε τῷ ἱππικῷ ὑπὸ τοῦ Λόγγου νικηθεὶς ἐτρώθη. θαρσήσαντες ουν ἐκ τούτου τινὲς τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων καὶ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς προσβάλλοντι αὐτοῖς ἐπεξῆλθον. κἀκείνους τε εφθειρε καὶ τοῦ χωρίου ὁμολογίᾳ ἐκράτησε· καὶ αὐτὸ μὲν κατέσκαψε, τῶν δ' αἰχμαλώτων τοὺς μὲν ̔Ρωμαίους ἀπέκτεινε, τοὺς δ' αλλους ἀφῆκε. τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐφ' απασι τοῖς ζωγρουμένοις ἐποίει, τὰς πόλεις δι' αὐτῶν οἰκειούμενος. ἀμέλει καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν Γαλατῶν πολλοὶ καὶ Λιγύων καὶ Τυρσηνῶν τοὺς ̔Ρωμαίους τοὺς παρ' αὐτοῖς οντας οἱ μὲν φονεύσαντες, οἱ δὲ ἐκδόντες μετέστησαν. ̓Ες δὲ τὴν Τυρσηνίδα τῷ ̓Αννίβᾳ πορευομένῳ ὁ Λόγγος ἐπέθετο, χειμῶνος πολλοῦ γενομένου. πεσόντων δὲ ἀμφοτέροις πολλῶν ὁ ̓Αννίβας ἐς τὴν Λιγυστικὴν ἐλθὼν ἐνδιέτριψεν. ὑποπτεύων δὲ καὶ τοὺς σφετέρους, οὐδενὶ ῥᾳδίως ἐπίστευεν, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐσθῆτά τε μεταβάλλων καὶ κόμαις χρώμενος περιθέτοις τήν τε διάλεξιν αλλοτε αλλην ποιούμενος, ῃδει 2.243 γὰρ πλείους καὶ τὴν τῶν Λατίνων, καὶ νύκτωρ καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν πολλὰ ἐπεσκόπει ηκουέ τε πλεῖστα ὡς οὐκ ̓Αννίβας καί τινα ὡς ετερός τις ἐφθέγγετο. ̓Εν μὲν ουν τῇ ̓Ιταλίᾳ ταῦτα ἐγίνετο, ὁ δ' ετερος Σκιπίων ὁ Γάιος εἰς τὴν ̓Ιβηρίαν παρέπλευσε, καὶ τὰ παραθαλάσσια αὐτῆς μέχρι τοῦ Ιβηρος πάντα καὶ τῶν ανω συχνὰ τὰ μὲν βίᾳ, τὰ δ' ἑκόντα προσείληφε, καὶ τὸν Βάννωνα μάχῃ νικήσας ἐζώγρησεν. ὁ δὲ τοῦ ̓Αννίβου ὁμαίμων ̓Ασδρούβας μαθὼν ταῦτα διέβη τὸν Ιβηρα, καὶ τῶν μεταστάντων τινὰς ὑπηγάγετο· τοῦ δὲ Σκιπίωνος ἐπελθόντος αὐτῷ ἀνεχώρησεν. Οἱ δ' ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ τὸν Φλαμίνιον καὶ τὸν Γέμινον ὑπάτους αυθις ειλοντο. ̓Αννίβας δ' αρτι τοῦ εαρος ἐπιστάντος ὡς εγνω τὸν Φλαμίνιον μετὰ Σερουιλίου Γεμίνου χειρὶ πολλῇ ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἰόντα, πρὸς ἐξαπάτην αὐτῶν ἐτράπη, καὶ πλαττόμενος ἐνδιατρίψειν ἐκεῖ καὶ μάχην συνάψειν, ἐπεὶ νομίσαντες αὐτὸν οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι κατὰ χώραν μένειν ἀμελῶς τῶν ὁδῶν εσχον, ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τοὺς ἱππέας κατέλιπεν, αὐτὸς δ' ὑπὸ νύκτα αρας τά τε στενόπορα μεθ' ἡσυχίας διῆλθε καὶ πρὸς ̓Αρήτιον ἠπείγετο· καὶ οἱ ἱππεῖς δέ, ἐπεὶ πολὺ προῆλθεν, ἀπῄεσαν αὐτῷ ἐφεπόμενοι. οἱ δ' υπατοι γνόντες ἠπατημένοι, Γέμινος μὲν αὐτοῦ ὑπέμεινε τούς τ' ἀφεστηκότας κακώσων καὶ κωλύσων ἐπικουρῆσαι Καρχηδονίοις, Φλαμίνιος δὲ μόνος ἐδίωκεν, ιν' αὐτοῦ μόνου τὸ εργον τῆς νίκης, ὡς ῳετο, γένηται. καὶ τὸ ̓Αρήτιον προκατέλαβεν· ὁ γὰρ ̓Αννίβας συντομωτέραν τραπόμενος δυσόδοις ἐνέτυχε, καὶ ἀνθρώπους συχνοὺς καὶ πολλὰ ὑποζύγια καὶ τὸν ετερον τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἀπέβαλεν. 2.244 ὀψὲ δ' ουν πρὸς τὸ ̓Αρήτιον ἐλθών, καὶ εὑρὼν ἐκεῖ τὸν Φλαμίνιον, κατεφρόνησεν αὐτοῦ, καὶ μάχῃ μὲν οὐ συνέβαλε, τὸ γὰρ χωρίον ἀνεπιτήδειόν οἱ ἐδόκει, πεῖραν δὲ αὐτοῦ ποιούμενος εκειρε τὴν χώραν. κἀν τούτῳ ἐπεκδραμόντων τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων ἐπανήγαγεν, ινα