295

of Publius in Iberia; he also saved his father when he was wounded, and at that time, while campaigning, he fled to Canusium, and later won distinction. For having taken the command with the consent of those who had fled with him to Canusium, he both set things in order there and sent garrisons to the neighboring places, and planned and executed all things well. But those in Rome heard of the defeat, but indeed did not believe it. But when they believed it, they mourned, and gathering in the senate house, they departed having accomplished nothing. At last, then, Fabius gave his opinion to send out scouts to report what had happened and what Hannibal was doing, and that they themselves should not weep, but walk in silence, so that the necessary measures might be taken at the proper time, and to collect as large a force as they could and to summon their neighbors. And after this, when they learned that Hannibal was in Apulia, and received a letter from Terentius that he had survived and what he was doing, they took a little courage. And Marcus Junius was named dictator, and Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus master of the horse. And immediately they enrolled of the citizens 2.255 not only those of military age, but also those already past it, and they took on prisoners on pardon and slaves on promise of freedom and some bandits, and they summoned their allies, reminding them if they had ever been well-treated and also promising to give grain to some, and money to others, something they had never done before; and they sent to Greece either to persuade some to ally with them or to hire them. But Hannibal, learning that the Romans were standing together and making preparations, remained at Cannae, having given up hope of a capture by sudden assault; and of the prisoners, he released the allied contingent without ransom, as he had also done before, but he kept the Romans, hoping to sell them, in order to make himself richer from this, and the Romans poorer. But when no one came from them seeking the prisoners, he ordered them to send some men home for ransom, after they had first sworn an oath that they would return. But when even so they were not willing to ransom them, he sent those of any account to Carthage, and of the others, some he tortured and killed, and others he forced to fight in single combat, pitting friends and relatives against one another. And those who had been sent for the ransom, having returned in order to keep their oath, but then having fled after this, were disenfranchised by the censors, and they killed themselves. And Hannibal sent his brother Mago to report to the Carthaginians what had happened, and to ask for money and forces from them. And he, having gone, counted out the rings and indeed magnified the achievement, and all that he asked for was voted, for they were not persuaded by Hanno who spoke to the contrary and advised to end the 2.256 war while they seemed to be superior; however, they did not put what had been voted into effect, but delayed. Meanwhile Hannibal advanced into Campania, and took a certain Samnite town, and moved against Neapolis, having sent a few men ahead with the booty. When the people of the city ran out against these men, thinking they were alone, he himself appeared unexpectedly and killed many, but he did not take the city, nor did he besiege it for long. For of the Campanians inhabiting Capua, some remained in friendship with the Romans, while others inclined toward Hannibal. But when he was successful at Cannae, and some of their men who had been captured were released, the multitude was eager to go over to Hannibal, but the powerful men held them back for a time; then the multitude rushed upon them as they were gathered in the senate-house and would have killed them all, if someone from the crowd, perceiving the magnitude of the evil, had not accused the senators as being worthy of utter destruction, but said that it was fitting first to choose others in their place; for the city could not be saved without some men to deliberate for it. And when the people of Capua were persuaded, as he cast each one out of the council, he asked the multitude whom they would choose in his place; and so, since they were not able to choose others quickly, he let all of them go as being necessary. And having been reconciled with one another, they made a treaty with the

295

Πουπλίου τοῦ ἐν τῇ ̓Ιβηρίᾳ, καὶ τὸν πατέρα οτε ἐτρώθη περιέσωσε, τότε δὲ στρατευόμενος εἰς τὸ Κανύσιον εφυγε, καὶ υστερον εὐδοκίμησε. παρ' ἑκόντων γὰρ τῶν συμφυγόντων εἰς τὸ Κανύσιον τὴν ἡγεμονίαν λαβὼν τά τε ἐκεῖ κατεστήσατο καὶ τοῖς πλησιοχώροις φρουρὰς επεμψε καὶ πάντα καλῶς ἐβούλευσέ τε καὶ επραξεν. Οἱ δ' ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ τὴν ητταν μὲν ηκουσαν, οὐ μὴν καὶ ἐπίστευον. πιστεύσαντες δ' ἐπένθουν καὶ συνιόντες εἰς τὸ συνέδριον μή τι πράσσοντες ἀπηλλάσσοντο. ὀψὲ δ' ουν ὁ Φάβιος γνώμην εδωκε κατασκόπους πέμψαι τοὺς ἀγγελοῦντας τὸ γεγονὸς καὶ τί ὁ ̓Αννίβας πράττει, αὐτοὺς δὲ μὴ κλαίειν, σιγῇ δὲ βαδίζειν, ιν' ἐν καιρῷ τὰ προσήκοντα γίνοιτο, δύναμίν τε συλλέξαι οσην αν δύναιντο καὶ τοὺς περιοίκους ἐπικαλέσασθαι. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ὡς τὸν ̓Αννίβαν ἐν τῇ ̓Απουλίᾳ οντα εμαθον, καὶ γράμματα παρὰ τοῦ Τερεντίου ἐδέξαντο οτι περιείη καὶ οσα πράττοι, μικρὸν ἀνεθάρσησαν. καὶ δικτάτωρ μὲν Μάρκος ̓Ιούνιος, ιππαρχος δὲ Τιβέριος Σεμπρώνιος Γράκχος ἐλέχθησαν. καὶ παραχρῆμα τῶν τε πολιτῶν 2.255 οὐ τοὺς ἡβῶντας μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρηβηκότας ηδη κατέλεξαν, καὶ δεσμώτας ἐπ' ἀδείᾳ καὶ δούλους ἐπ' ἐλευθερίᾳ λῃστάς τέ τινας προσελάβοντο, καὶ τοὺς συμμάχους προσπαρεκάλουν, ἀναμιμνήσκοντες ει τί που εὐηργέτηντο καὶ προσυπισχνούμενοι δώσειν τοῖς μὲν σῖτον, τοῖς δὲ ἀργύρια, οπερ ουπω πρόσθεν ἐποίησαν· καὶ ἐς τὴν ̔Ελλάδα πεπόμφασιν η πείσοντές τινας συμμαχῆσαι αὐτοῖς η μισθωσόμενοι. ̓Αννίβας δὲ συνεστηκέναι τοὺς ̔Ρωμαίους καὶ παρασκευάζεσθαι μαθὼν ἐν ταῖς Κάνναις διέτριβε, τὴν ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς αλωσιν ἀπεγνωκώς· καὶ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων τὸ μὲν συμμαχικὸν ανευ λύτρων ἀφῆκεν, ὡς καὶ πρότερον, τοὺς δὲ ̔Ρωμαίους ἐτήρει, ἀποδόσθαι ἐλπίζων αὐτούς, ιν' ἑαυτὸν εὐπορώτερον ἐντεῦθεν ποιήσῃ, τοὺς δὲ ̔Ρωμαίους ἀπορωτέρους. ἐπεὶ δὲ μηδεὶς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀφίκετο τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ζητῶν, ἐκέλευσεν αὐτοῖς πέμψαι τινὰς οικαδε ἐπὶ λύτρα, προομόσαντας ἐπανήξειν. ὡς δὲ οὐδ' ουτω λύσασθαι σφᾶς ἠθέλησαν, τοὺς μὲν λόγου τινὸς ἀξίους ἐς τὴν Καρχηδόνα ἀπέστειλε, τῶν δ' αλλων τοὺς μὲν αἰκισάμενος ἀπέκτεινε, τοὺς δὲ μονομαχῆσαι ἠνάγκασε, τοὺς φίλους καὶ τοὺς συγγενεῖς ἀλλήλοις συμβαλών. οἱ δὲ πεμφθέντες ἐπὶ τὰ λύτρα, ἐπανελθόντες, ιν' εὐορκήσωσι, φυγόντες δὲ μετὰ τοῦτο, ατιμοι ὑπὸ τῶν τιμητῶν ἐγένοντο, καὶ ἑαυτοὺς κατεχρήσαντο. Μάγωνα δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὁ ̓Αννίβας ἀγγελοῦντα τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις επεμψε τὰ γενόμενα, καὶ χρήματα παρ' αὐτῶν καὶ δυνάμεις αἰτήσοντα. καὶ ὁ μὲν ἀπελθὼν τούς τε δακτυλίους ἠρίθμησε καὶ ἐπὶ μεῖζον ἐξῆρε δὴ τὸ κατόρθωμα, καὶ ἐψηφίσθη πάντα οσα ᾐτήσατο, τῷ γὰρ Αννωνι τἀναντία λέγοντι καὶ κατα2.256 λύσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον εως καθυπέρτεροι δοκοῦσι συμβουλεύοντι οὐκ ἐπείσθησαν, οὐ μέντοι τὰ ψηφισθέντα καὶ εἰς εργον ηγαγον, ἀλλ' ἐμέλλησαν. ̓Αννίβας δ' ἐν τούτῳ εἰς τὴν Καμπανίαν προυχώρησε, καὶ πόλισμά τι ειλε Σαυνιτικόν, καὶ ἐπὶ Νέαν ωρμησε πόλιν, προπέμψας μετὰ τῆς λείας ὀλίγους τινάς. πρὸς ους ὡς μόνους οντας τῶν τῆς πόλεως ἐκδραμόντων ἐπεφάνη αὐτὸς ἀπροσδόκητος καὶ συχνοὺς ἀπέκτεινε, τὴν δὲ πόλιν οὐχ ειλεν, ουτ' ἐπὶ πολὺ ταύτῃ προσήδρευσεν. οἱ γὰρ τὴν Καπύην οἰκοῦντες Καμπανοὶ οἱ μὲν τῇ ̔Ρωμαίων φιλίᾳ ἐνέμειναν, οἱ δὲ πρὸς τὸν ̓Αννίβαν ἀπέκλιναν. ἐπεὶ δ' ἐν ταῖς Κάνναις εὐτύχησε, καί τινες ανδρες αὐτῶν ἁλόντες ἀφείθησαν, τὸ μὲν πλῆθος ωρμησε μεταστῆναι πρὸς τὸν ̓Αννίβαν, οἱ δὲ δυνατοὶ χρόνον μέν τινα ἐπέσχον, ειτ' ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τὸ πλῆθος ὁρμῆσαν συνηγμένους ἐν τῷ βουλευτηρίῳ πάντας αν κατεχρήσατο, εἰ μή τις ἐκ τοῦ πλήθους τὸ μέγεθος συνιδὼν τοῦ κακοῦ κατηγόρησε μὲν τῶν βουλευτῶν ὡς πάντως φθαρῆναι ἀξίων, εφη δὲ πρότερον αλλους ἀντ' ἐκείνων ἀνθελέσθαι προσήκειν· τὴν γὰρ πόλιν μὴ δύνασθαι μὴ προβουλευόντων τινῶν σώζεσθαι. πεισθέντων δὲ τῶν ἐν τῇ Καπύῃ ἐκβάλλων ενα εκαστον ἐκ τοῦ συνεδρίου ἠρώτα τὸ πλῆθος οντινα αὐτοῦ ἀνθαιρεῖται· καὶ ουτω, μὴ δυνηθέντων αὐτῶν ἑτέρους δι' ὀλίγου ἀνθελέσθαι, πάντας ἐκείνους ὡς ἀναγκαίους ἀφῆκε. καὶ καταλλαγέντες ἀλλήλοις ἐσπείσαντο τῷ