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as the Syracusans were celebrating an all-night festival to Artemis with the whole populace, he ordered some soldiers to climb over the wall at that place. And as a result, some gates were opened by them, and as others also entered, all at once, at a signal, both those inside and those outside shouted together, clashed their shields with their spears, and the trumpeters sounded a charge, so that a sudden panic befell the Syracusans, who were not in a good state anyway because of their drunkenness, and the city was captured except for Achradina and the so-called Island. Marcellus therefore plundered the captured parts and attacked the parts not yet captured; and with toil and time, he nevertheless gained control of the remaining parts of Syracuse. And the Romans, having become masters of these areas, killed many others, including Archimedes. For while drawing some diagram, and hearing that the enemy was upon him, "Over my head," he said, "and not over my line." But when an enemy soldier stood over him, he paid little 2.265 heed and saying, "Stand away, man, from my line," he provoked him and was cut down. Marcellus, therefore, having captured Syracuse and won over most of the rest of Sicily, was both greatly praised and had been appointed consul. For they had proposed Torquatus, who had once killed his son; but when he refused, saying, "Neither could I bear your faults, nor could you bear my strictness," they elected Marcellus and Laevinus Valerius. But after Marcellus departed from Sicily, Hannibal sent a cavalry force there, and the Carthaginians sent another; and they were victorious in some battles and won over cities. And if Cornelius Dolabella the praetor had not arrived, they would have subjugated all of Sicily. And Capua was also captured then by the Romans, although Hannibal had marched on Rome in order to draw away from Capua those besieging it, and had ridden through the lands of the Latins and come to the Tiber, and was ravaging the areas before the city. For those in Rome were frightened, but they voted for one of the consuls to remain at Capua and for the other to come to their aid. And Claudius remained at Capua, for he had been wounded, while Flaccus hastened towards Rome. With Hannibal continually making raids before their very eyes and doing many terrible things, for the rest of the time they were content if they could at least save what was inside the 2.266 walls; but when he was about to attack the city and the camps at the same time, they cast the die, as the saying goes, and ran out to attack. And as they were already skirmishing, a terrible storm suddenly arose out of a clear sky, with an irresistible wind, thunder, hail, and lightning, so that both sides were glad to flee, as if by a signal, back to where they had started from. And as soon as they laid down their arms, the sky became clear. Hannibal, at any rate, although he reckoned that these events, happening at the very moment of their engagement, were not without divine intervention, nevertheless did not abandon the siege, but attempted to join battle again after this. And when the same things happened then too, he became afraid. And being further astounded that, although they were in such great danger, they neither withdrew from Capua and were about to send soldiers and a general to Iberia, and that, being in need of money, they sold both other things and the very ground, which was public land, on which he was encamped, he despaired and departed, crying out many times, "O Cannae, Cannae." And he was no longer willing to aid Capua. But they, although in the weakest condition, nevertheless, despairing that they would receive any pardon from the Romans, held out, and sent a letter to Hannibal, asking him to help them. But the bearers of the letters were captured by Flaccus (for Claudius had already died from his wound), and had their hands cut off. Seeing them, the Campanians were terribly dismayed and deliberated about what they should do. And when many things had been said, a certain Jubius Virius, being one of their leading men and most responsible for the revolt, said, "For us there is one refuge and freedom: death. And follow me to my home; for I have some poison 2.267 prepared." And so he

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Συρακουσίους παννυχίδα τῇ ̓Αρτέμιδι αγοντας πανδημεί, ἐκέλευσε στρατιώταις τισὶ κατ' ἐκεῖνο τὸ χωρίον ὑπερβῆναι τὸ τεῖχος. κἀκ τούτου πύλαι τέ τινες ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἀνεῴχθησαν καὶ εἰσελθόντων καὶ ἑτέρων αμα πάντες ἀπὸ σημείου καὶ οἱ εσω καὶ οἱ εξω συνεβόησαν καὶ τοῖς δόρασι τὰς ἀσπίδας συνέκρουσαν καὶ οἱ σαλπιγκταὶ προσεπήχησαν, ωστε ἀθρόαν τὴν εκπληξιν τοῖς Συρακουσίοις μηδ' αλλως ευ εχουσιν ὑπὸ μέθης συμβῆναι, καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἁλῶναι πλὴν τῆς ̓Αχραδίνης καὶ τῆς Νήσου καλουμένης. ὁ ουν Μάρκελλος τά τε ἑαλωκότα διήρπασε καὶ τοῖς μὴ ἁλοῦσι προσέβαλε, καὶ σὺν πόνῳ μὲν καὶ χρόνῳ, ομως δ' ουν καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν τῆς Συρακούσης ἐκράτησεν. ἐγκρατεῖς δὲ τούτων οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι γενόμενοι αλλους τε πολλοὺς καὶ τὸν ̓Αρχιμήδην ἀπέκτειναν. διάγραμμα γάρ τι διαγράφων, καὶ ἀκούσας τοὺς πολεμίους ἐφίστασθαι, "πὰρ κεφαλάν" εφη "καὶ μὴ παρὰ γραμμάν." ἐπιστάντος δὲ αὐτῷ πολεμίου βραχύ 2.265 τε ἐφρόντισε καὶ εἰπών "ἀπόστηθι, ανθρωπε, ἀπὸ τῆς γραμμῆς" παρώξυνέ τε αὐτὸν καὶ κατεκόπη. ̔Ο μὲν ουν Μάρκελλος τὰς Συρακούσας ἑλὼν καὶ τῆς αλλης Σικελίας τὰ πλείω προσαγαγόμενος καὶ ἐπῃνεῖτο μεγάλως καὶ υπατος ἀποδέδεικτο. προεβάλοντο μὲν γὰρ τὸν Τορκουάτον, ος ποτε τὸν υἱὸν ἀπέκτεινεν· ἐπεὶ δ' ἐκεῖνος ἀπηνήνατο, εἰπὼν ὡς "ουτ' αν ἐγὼ τὰ ὑμέτερα ἁμαρτήματα ουτ' αν ὑμεῖς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀκρίβειαν ἐνέγκοιτε," τὸν Μάρκελλον καὶ Λαουίνιον τὸν Οὐαλέριον ἐχειροτόνησαν. ἀπελθόντος δὲ τοῦ Μαρκέλλου ἐκ Σικελίας, δύναμιν ἱππέων ἐς αὐτὴν ὁ ̓Αννίβας ἀπέστειλε, καὶ ἑτέραν οἱ Καρχηδόνιοι επεμψαν· καὶ μάχαις τισὶν ἐνίκησαν καὶ πόλεις προσεποιήσαντο· καὶ ει γε μὴ Κορνήλιος ∆ολοβέλλας στρατηγὸς ἐπελήλυθε, πᾶσαν τὴν Σικελίαν ἐχειρώσαντο αν. Καὶ ἡ Καπύη δὲ τότε ἑάλω παρὰ ̔Ρωμαίων, καίτοι τοῦ ̓Αννίβου ἐς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ὁρμήσαντος, ιν' ἀπὸ τῆς Καπύης τοὺς πολιορκοῦντας αὐτὴν ἀπάξῃ, καὶ διὰ τῶν Λατίνων ἐλάσαντος καὶ πρὸς τὸν Τίβεριν ἐλθόντος καὶ πορθοῦντος τὰ πρὸ τοῦ αστεος. οἱ γὰρ ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ ἐφοβήθησαν μέν, ἐψηφίσαντο δὲ τὸν ετερον τῶν ὑπάτων ἐν Καπύῃ μεῖναι, τὸν δ' ετερον αὐτοῖς ἐπαμῦναι. καὶ Κλαύδιος μὲν ἐν τῇ Καπύῃ κατέμεινεν, ἐτέτρωτο γάρ, Φλάκκος δὲ πρὸς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἠπείχθη. Τοῦ δ' ̓Αννίβου τάς τε καταδρομὰς ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτῶν ἀεὶ ποιουμένου καὶ πολλὰ δεινὰ δρῶντος, τὸν μὲν αλλον χρόνον ἠγάπων, εἰ τά γε ἐντὸς τῶν 2.266 τειχῶν περισώσαιντο, ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ τῇ πόλει καὶ τοῖς στρατοπέδοις αμα προσβαλεῖν εμελλεν, ἀνερρίψαντο, τὸ τοῦ λόγου, κύβον, καὶ ἐπεξέδραμον. καὶ ἀκροβολιζομένων ηδη χειμὼν ἐξ αἰθρίας ἐξαίσιος ἐπεγένετο μετὰ πνεύματος ἀμηχάνου βροντῶν τε καὶ χαλάζης καὶ ἀστραπῶν, ωστ' αμφω ἀγαπητῶς ὡς ἐκ συνθήματος ἀναφυγεῖν οθεν ωρμησαν. αρτι τε τὰ οπλα κατετίθεντο καὶ αἰθρία ἐγένετο. ὁ γοῦν ̓Αννίβας, καίτοι οὐκ ἀθεεὶ λογισάμενος παρὰ τὸν τῆς συνόδου καιρὸν συνενεχθῆναι τὰ γεγονότα, ομως οὐκ ἀπέστη τῆς πολιορκίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ αυθις μετὰ τοῦτο συμβαλεῖν ἐπεχείρησεν. ὡς δὲ καὶ τότε τὰ αὐτὰ συνέβη, κατέδεισε. καὶ προσεκπλαγεὶς οτι ἐν τηλικούτῳ κινδύνῳ οντες ουτε τῆς Καπύης ἀπέστησαν καὶ ἐς τὴν ̓Ιβηρίαν καὶ στρατιώτας καὶ στρατηγὸν πέμψειν εμελλον, καὶ οτι χρημάτων δεηθέντες ἐπώλησαν αλλα τε καὶ τὸ χωρίον ἐν ῳ ἐστρατοπεδεύετο δημόσιον ον, καὶ ἀπογνούς, ἀπανέστη, πολλάκις ἀναβοήσας "ω Κάνναι Κάνναι." καὶ οὐδὲ τῇ Καπύῃ ετ' ἐπικουρῆσαι ἠθέλησεν. Οἱ δὲ καίπερ ἐν ἀσθενεστάτοις οντες, ομως ἀπογνόντες ὡς οὐ τευξόμενοι συγγνώμης παρὰ ̔Ρωμαίων ἀντεῖχον, καὶ τῷ ̓Αννίβᾳ ἐπέστειλαν, βοηθήσειν αὐτοῖς ἀξιοῦντες. συλληφθέντες δὲ οἱ τῶν ἐπιστολῶν κομισταὶ παρὰ τοῦ Φλάκκου, ὁ γὰρ Κλαύδιος εφθη τεθνηκὼς ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος, τὰς χεῖρας ἀπετμήθησαν. ους ἰδόντες οἱ Καμπανοὶ δεινῶς κατεπλάγησαν καὶ ο,τι πράξουσιν ἐβουλεύοντο. λεχθέντων δὲ πολλῶν, ̓Ιούβιός τις Οὐίριος ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις αὐτῶν ων καὶ τῆς ἀποστάσεως αἰτιώτατος "μία ἡμῖν ἐστιν" εφη "καταφυγὴ καὶ ἐλευθερία ὁ θάνατος. καί μοι ἀκολουθήσατε οικαδε· εχω γάρ τι φάρμακον 2.267 παρεσκευασμένον." καὶ ὁ μὲν