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opposing. But the people voted for peace with one accord, and they accepted the agreements, and sent ten men to settle everything with Scipio. And the terms were carried out, and the triremes were handed over and burned, and of the elephants, the majority were led away to Rome, but the rest were gifted to Masinissa. And the Romans left Libya, and the Carthaginians Italy. Thus the second Carthaginian war came to this end in its sixteenth year; and from this Scipio was made glorious and was surnamed Africanus; for this Libya around Carthage had been named Africa; and by many he was also addressed as liberator, having brought back many captive citizens. And he was exalted from these things, but Hannibal was accused by 2.293 his own people of having been able to take Rome but not wishing to, and of having appropriated the booty from Italy. However, he was not convicted, but was also entrusted not long after with the highest office of the Carthaginians. But the Romans next entered into other wars, which were waged against Philip the Macedonian and Antiochus. For as long as the battle against the Carthaginians was at its height, even if their relations with Philip were not friendly, they courted him, so that he might not assist the Carthaginians or march into Italy; but when matters concerning them quieted down, they no longer delayed, but entered into open war with him, bringing many charges against him. Therefore the Romans, sending ambassadors to him, when he did none of the things that were ordered, voted for war, using his encroachment on the Greeks as a pretext, but in truth being indignant at what he had done, and pre-empting him, so that he might not, after enslaving them, march against Italy in the manner of Pyrrhus. And having voted for the war, they made other preparations well and they gave Lucius Apustius as commander of the navy to Sulpicius Galba. And Galba, having crossed the Ionian gulf, was sick for a long time. Therefore, the aforementioned commander and Claudius Cento the subordinate general, having taken over the entire force, the latter with the navy rescued Athens, which was being besieged by the Macedonians, and sacked Chalcis, which was held by them, and in this, when Philip marched against Athens, he returned then and drove him away and after this 2.294 repulsed him when he attacked again, while Apustius, since Philip was occupied around Greece, invaded Macedonia and plundered the land and captured forts and cities. Philip, being at a loss because of these things, for a time ran up and down, defending different places at different times, but when Apustius pressed his country hard and the Dardani were ravaging Macedonia on their border—these live beyond the Illyrians and beyond the Macedonians—and some Illyrians and Amynander king of Athamania, of Thessalian race, who were previously his allies, went over to the Romans, from this he also became suspicious of the Aetolians and feared for his home and hastened there with the greater part of his army. But Apustius, learning of his approach, withdrew; for it was already winter. And Galba, having recovered from his illness, prepared a larger force and at the same time in the spring was hastening into Macedonia. And when they drew near to each other, they encamped opposite one another, and engaged in skirmishes with the cavalry and the light-armed troops. But when the Romans moved to a place from which it was easier for them to forage, Philip, thinking that they moved out of fear of him, came upon them unexpectedly while they were plundering and killed some. And Galba, perceiving this, sallied out from the camp and falling upon him killed many more in return. And Philip, defeated and wounded, departed under cover of night. Galba, however, did not pursue him, but returned to Apollonia. And Apu-2.295 -stius, sailing around with the Rhodians and Attalus, captured many islands. And at the same time a certain Hamilcar, a Carthaginian, with Mago

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ἐναντιούμενοι. ὁ δὲ δῆμος τὴν εἰρήνην ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἐψηφίσατο, καὶ τὰς ὁμολογίας ἐδέξαντο, καὶ επεμψαν δέκα ανδρας, ινα μετὰ τοῦ Σκιπίωνος απαντα διοικήσωσι. καὶ αἱ συμβάσεις ἐπράχθησαν, καὶ αἱ τριήρεις ἐδόθησαν καὶ ἐκαύθησαν, καὶ τῶν ἐλεφάντων οἱ μὲν πλείους εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἀπήχθησαν, τῷ Μασινίσσᾳ δὲ οἱ λοιποὶ ἐδωρήθησαν. καὶ ̔Ρωμαῖοι μὲν τὴν Λιβύην ἐξέλιπον, τὴν δ' ̓Ιταλίαν οἱ Καρχηδόνιοι. ̔Ο μὲν ουν δεύτερος πόλεμος τῶν Καρχηδονίων ετει ἑκκαιδεκάτῳ ἐς τοῦτο κατήντησε· κἀντεῦθεν ὁ Σκιπίων λελάμπρυστο καὶ ̓Αφρικανὸς ἐπεκέκλητο· ̓Αφρικὴ γὰρ ηδε ἡ περὶ Καρχηδόνα Λιβύη ὠνόμαστο· πολλοῖς δὲ καὶ ἐλευθερωτὴς προσηγόρευτο, πολλοὺς πολίτας κομίσας αἰχμαλώτους. καὶ ὁ μὲν μέγας ἐκ τούτων ῃρετο, ̓Αννίβας δὲ κατηγόρητο παρὰ 2.293 τοῖς οἰκείοις ὡς τήν τε ̔Ρώμην λαβεῖν δυνηθεὶς καὶ μὴ θελήσας καὶ τὴν λείαν τὴν ἐκ τῆς ̓Ιταλίας σφετερισάμενος. οὐ μὴν καὶ ἑάλω, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν μεγίστην τῶν Καρχηδονίων ἀρχὴν οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν ἐπετράπη. Εἰς ἑτέρους δ' αυθις πολέμους οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι κατέστησαν, γενομένους πρὸς Φίλιππόν τε τὸν Μακεδόνα καὶ τὸν ̓Αντίοχον. μέχρι γὰρ ἡ πρὸς Καρχηδονίους ηκμαζε μάχη, καν μὴ φίλια σφίσι τὰ περὶ τὸν Φίλιππον ην, ἐθεράπευον αὐτόν, ινα μὴ τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις συνάροιτο η εἰς τὴν ̓Ιταλίαν στρατεύσοιτο· ἐπεὶ δὲ τὰ κατ' ἐκείνους ἠρέμησαν, οὐκέτ' ἐμέλλησαν, ἀλλ' ἐς πόλεμον αὐτῷ κατέστησαν φανερόν, πολλὰ ἐγκαλοῦντες αὐτῷ. πρέσβεις ουν οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι πρὸς αὐτὸν πέμψαντες, ἐπεὶ μηδὲν ων ἐπετάττετο επραττε, τὸν πόλεμον ἐψηφίσαντο, χρώμενοι μὲν τῇ τῶν ̔Ελλήνων ἐπιβασίᾳ λαβῇ, τὸ δ' ἀληθὲς ἀγανακτοῦντες ἐφ' οις ἐδεδράκει, καὶ προκαταλαμβάνοντες αὐτόν, ινα μὴ καταδουλωσάμενος ἐκείνους ἐπὶ τὴν ̓Ιταλίαν στρατεύσῃ κατὰ τὸν Πύρρον. ψηφισάμενοι δὲ τὸν πόλεμον τά τε αλλα παρεσκευάσαντο ευ καὶ στρατηγὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ναυτικοῦ Λούκιον ̓Απούστιον Σουλπικίῳ Γάλβᾳ δεδώκασι. καὶ ὁ Γάλβας τὸν ̓Ιόνιον κόλπον διαβαλὼν ἐπὶ πολὺ ἐνόσησε. παραλαβόντες ουν τὴν δύναμιν πᾶσαν ο τε ῥηθεὶς στρατηγὸς καὶ Κλαύδιος Κέντων ὁ ὑποστράτηγος, αὐτὸς μὲν τῷ ναυτικῷ τὰς ̓Αθήνας ὑπὸ τῶν Μακεδόνων πολιορκουμένας ἐρρύσατο καὶ Χαλκίδα κατεχομένην ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἐπόρθησε, κἀν τούτῳ Φιλίππου ταῖς ̓Αθήναις ἐπιστρατεύσαντος ἐπανελθὼν τότε αὐτὸν ἀπεώσατο καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο 2.294 αυθις προσβαλόντα ἀπεκρούσατο, ̓Απούστιος δ' ἐς τὴν Μακεδονίαν, ἀσχόλου περὶ τὴν ̔Ελλάδα τοῦ Φιλίππου οντος, ἐμβαλὼν τήν τε γῆν ἐληίζετο καὶ φρούρια καὶ πόλεις ἐχειρώσατο. Φίλιππος δὲ διὰ ταῦτα ἐν ἀμηχανίᾳ γενόμενος τέως μὲν ανω καὶ κάτω περιέθει αλλοτε αλλοις ἀμύνων, ὡς δὲ ὁ ̓Απούστιος τῇ χώρᾳ αὐτοῦ ἰσχυρῶς ἐνέκειτο καὶ οἱ ∆άρδανοι τὴν πρόσορον σφίσι Μακεδονίαν ἐκακούργουν, οἰκοῦσι δ' ουτοι ὑπέρ τε ̓Ιλλυριῶν καὶ ὑπὲρ Μακεδόνων, ̓Ιλλυριοί τέ τινες καὶ ̓Αμύνανδρος ̓Αθαμανίας Θεσσαλικοῦ γένους βασιλεὺς ων, σύμμαχοι πρότερον οντες αὐτοῦ, πρὸς τοὺς ̔Ρωμαίους μετέστησαν, ἐκ τούτου καὶ τὰ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ὑπώπτευσε καὶ περὶ τοῖς οικοι εδεισε καὶ ἐκεῖ μετὰ τοῦ πλείονος στρατεύματος εσπευσε. γνοὺς δὲ τὴν πρόσοδον αὐτοῦ ὁ ̓Απούστιος ἀνεχώρησεν· ηδη γὰρ καὶ χειμὼν ην. ̔Ραΐσας δ' ἐκ τῆς νόσου ὁ Γάλβας πλείω παρεσκευάσατο δύναμιν καὶ αμα εαρι εἰς τὴν Μακεδονίαν ἠπείγετο. ἐπεὶ δ' ἐπλησίασαν ἀλλήλοις, ἀντεστρατοπεδεύσαντο, καὶ ἀκροβολισμοῖς ἐχρῶντο τῶν ἱππέων καὶ τῶν ψιλῶν. μεταστάντων δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ες τι χωρίον οθεν ῥᾷον ην αὐτοῖς ἐπισιτίσασθαι, νομίσας ὁ Φίλιππος ὡς φοβουμένους αὐτὸν μεταστῆναι, ἐπῆλθεν αὐτοῖς ποιουμένοις ἁρπαγὰς ἀπροσδόκητος καί τινας διέφθειρε. καὶ ὁ Γάλβας τοῦτο αἰσθόμενος ἐπεξέδραμεν ἐκ τοῦ στρατοπέδου καὶ προσπεσὼν αὐτῷ πολλῷ πλείους ἀνταπέκτεινεν. ὁ δέ γε Φίλιππος ἡττηθεὶς καὶ τρωθεὶς ὑπὸ νύκτα ἀπανέστη. οὐ μέντοι αὐτὸν ὁ Γάλβας ἐπεδίωξεν, ἀλλ' εἰς τὴν ̓Απολλωνίαν ἀνεκομίσθη. καὶ ὁ ̓Απού2.295 στιος δὲ μετὰ τῶν ̔Ροδίων καὶ τοῦ ̓Αττάλου περιπλέων νήσους συχνὰς ἐχειρώσατο. Κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον καί τις ̓Αμίλκας Καρχηδόνιος, τῷ Μάγωνι