312

having made war, they made treaties, but the others were still under arms. Then Flamininus, with Attalus, subdued all of Boeotia. And Attalus indeed, while addressing them in an assembly, expired from old age, but Flamininus, having gone to Thessaly, joined battle with Philip. And they engaged in a cavalry battle; for the place was not suitable for a larger battle; for which reason both 2.298 withdrew. And having come to a certain hill, whose summit they call Cynoscephalae, they encamped, the one on one side, the other on the other. And having fought with all their forces, they would have withdrawn on equal terms, if the Aetolians had not made the Romans superior. Therefore Philip, having been defeated and having fled, then learning that both Larissa and the cities around it had sided with the victor, sent a herald to Flamininus. And he made a truce, as Philip gave money and hostages, both others and his own son Demetrius, and sent ambassadors to Rome for peace. And while these things were being done, Androsthenes was also defeated by the Achaeans and lost Corinth. And Lucius Flamininus, being in command of the navy, since he could not persuade the Acarnanians not to ally with Philip, took Leucas by siege and after this, when they learned of Philip's defeat, he more easily won them over. So, then, the Macedonian war was ended, and those in Rome very readily came to terms with Philip on the conditions that he return the prisoners and deserters, and the elephants and the triremes except for five and the flagship itself, which had sixteen banks of oars, and that he give money, some immediately, and some in certain installments, and that he rule only Macedonia, and not have more than five thousand soldiers, nor make war on anyone outside of his own country. For they set free the other cities, both in Asia and in Europe, which had previously been subject to him. 2.299 But the consuls again warred against the Gauls, not without hardship, yet nevertheless they subjugated them too. And Porcius Cato, having been elected consul, recovered nearly all of Iberia which had been alienated, a man surpassing those of his time in every virtue. And a law having been passed after the defeat that had befallen the Romans at Cannae, that women should not wear gold nor be carried in carriages nor use embroidered clothing at all, the people deliberated whether the law should be repealed. And concerning this, Cato made a public speech, arguing that the law ought to remain in force, and finally he added these things. "Therefore let the women be adorned not with gold nor with stones or some colorful and fine linen garments, but with modesty, love for their husbands, love for their children, obedience, moderation, with the established laws, with our arms, with our victories, with our trophies." But Lucius Valerius, a tribune, spoke in opposition to Cato, advising that their traditional adornment be restored to the women. And having said many things to the people about this, he then directed his speech to Cato and said, "But you, O Cato, if you are vexed by the adornment of women and wish to do something philosophical and grand, shear their hair all around, and clothe them in short tunics and slave's garments, and by Jupiter, you arm them and mount them on horses, and if you please, lead them away to Iberia; so that they may also share in our assemblies, and let us bring them in here." And Valerius said these things in jest, but the women, having heard—for many were loitering near the forum, anxious about what 2.300 would happen—rushed into the assembly, crying out against the law, and so, when it was hastily repealed, they immediately put on some adornment there in the assembly and went out dancing. But Cato, having sailed away, arrived in Iberia, and having learned that all those living as far as the Iberus had banded together, in order to fight him as one, he assembled his army and attacked them, and having defeated them he forced them to submit to him, fearing lest they also lose their cities in the first assault. And at that time he did them no harm, but later

312

πολεμήσαντες σπονδὰς ἐποιήσαντο, οἱ δ' αλλοι ἐν τοῖς οπλοις ετι ἐτύγχανον. Τότε δὲ καὶ ὁ Φλαμίνιος μετὰ τοῦ ̓Αττάλου τὴν Βοιωτίαν απασαν ὑπηγάγετο. καὶ ὁ μὲν Ατταλος ἐν τῷ δημηγορεῖν αὐτοῖς ὑπὸ γήρως ἀπέψυξεν, ὁ δέ γε Φλαμίνιος ἐς τὴν Θεσσαλίαν ἐλθὼν τῷ Φιλίππῳ προσέμιξε. καὶ ἱππομαχίαν ἐποιήσαντο· τὸ γὰρ χωρίον οὐκ ἐπιτήδειον πρὸς μείζω μάχην ην· διὸ καὶ 2.298 αμφω ἀπανέστησαν. καὶ πρός τινα λόφον γενόμενοι, ου τὴν ἀκρωνυχίαν Κυνὸς κεφαλὴν ὀνομάζουσιν, οἱ μὲν ενθεν οἱ δ' ἐκεῖθεν ηὐλίσαντο. καὶ μαχεσάμενοι τοῖς στρατεύμασιν απασιν ἰσοπαλεῖς αν ἀπηλλάγησαν, εἰ μὴ οἱ Αἰτωλοὶ ἐπικρατεστέρους τοὺς ̔Ρωμαίους ἐποίησαν. ἡττηθεὶς ουν ὁ Φίλιππος καὶ φυγών, ειτα μαθὼν τήν τε Λάρισαν καὶ τὰς περὶ αὐτὴν πόλεις τὰ τοῦ νικήσαντος ᾑρημένας, ἐπεκηρυκεύσατο τῷ Φλαμινίῳ. καὶ ος ἐσπείσατο, χρήματά τε τοῦ Φιλίππου δόντος καὶ ὁμήρους αλλους τε καὶ τὸν οἰκεῖον υἱὸν ∆ημήτριον, καὶ πρέσβεις ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰρήνης εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἐκπέμψαντος. ̓Εν ῳ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπράττετο, καὶ ̓Ανδροσθένης ἐνικήθη ὑπὸ τῶν ̓Αχαιῶν καὶ τὴν Κόρινθον ἀπέβαλε. καὶ ὁ Φλαμίνιος ὁ Λούκιος ἐπὶ τοῦ ναυτικοῦ ων, ἐπεὶ μὴ επειθε τοὺς ̓Ακαρνᾶνας μὴ συμμαχεῖν τῷ Φιλίππῳ, τήν τε Λευκάδα πολιορκίᾳ ειλε κἀκείνους μετὰ τοῦτο τὴν ητταν τοῦ Φιλίππου γνόντας ῥᾷον συμπαρεστήσατο. Ουτω μὲν ουν ὁ Μακεδονικὸς ἐλέλυτο πόλεμος, καὶ οἱ ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ τῷ Φιλίππῳ ἑτοιμότατα συνηλλάγησαν ἐπὶ τῷ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους καὶ τοὺς αὐτομόλους ἀποδοῦναι καὶ τοὺς ἐλέφαντας τάς τε τριήρεις πλὴν πέντε καὶ τῆς στρατηγίδος αὐτῆς ουσης ἑκκαιδεκήρους, καὶ χρήματα τὰ μὲν αὐτίκα δοῦναι, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐν τάξεσί τισι, καὶ μόνης τῆς Μακεδονίας βασιλεύειν, μὴ πλείους τ' εχειν στρατιώτας τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, μήτε πόλεμον εξω τῆς ἑαυτοῦ χώρας ποιεῖσθαί τινι. τὰς γὰρ αλλας πόλεις τάς τε ἐν τῇ ̓Ασίᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ τὰς πρὶν δουλευούσας αὐτῷ ἐλευθέρας ἀφῆκαν. 2.299 Οἱ δ' υπατοι τοῖς Γαλάταις αυθις οὐκ ἀταλαιπώρως ἐπολέμησαν, ομως μέντοι καὶ τούτους ὑπέταξαν. Πόρκιος δὲ Κάτων υπατος αἱρεθεὶς τὴν ̓Ιβηρίαν μικροῦ πᾶσαν ἀλλοτριωθεῖσαν ἀνεκτήσατο, ἀνὴρ ἀρετῇ πάσῃ τοὺς τότε νικῶν. νόμου δὲ τεθέντος μετὰ τὴν ἐν Κάνναις τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις συμβᾶσαν ητταν μήτε χρυσοφορεῖν τὰς γυναῖκας μήτε διφροφορεῖσθαι μήθ' ολως ἐσθῆτι καταστίκτῳ κεχρῆσθαι, ὁ δῆμος, εἰ χρὴ καταλῦσαι τὸν νόμον, βουλὴν ἐποιεῖτο. καὶ περὶ τούτου ὁ Κάτων ἐδημηγόρησε, δεῖν κατασκευάζων τὸν νόμον κρατεῖν, καὶ τέλος ταῦτα ἐπήγαγε. "κοσμείσθωσαν ουν αἱ γυναῖκες μὴ χρυσῷ μηδὲ λίθοις η τισιν ἀνθηροῖς καὶ ἀμοργίνοις ἐσθήμασιν, ἀλλὰ σωφροσύνῃ, φιλανδρίᾳ, φιλοτεκνίᾳ, πειθοῖ, μετριότητι, τοῖς νόμοις τοῖς κειμένοις, τοῖς οπλοις τοῖς ἡμετέροις, ταῖς νίκαις, τοῖς τροπαίοις." Λούκιος δὲ Οὐαλέριος δήμαρχος ἀντιλέγων τῷ Κάτωνι διειλέχθη, ἀποδοθῆναι συμβουλεύων ταῖς γυναιξὶ τὸν κόσμον τὸν πάτριον. καὶ πολλὰ περὶ τούτου πρὸς τὸν δῆμον εἰπών, ειτα πρὸς τὸν Κάτωνα τὸν λόγον ἀπέτεινε καὶ εφη "σὺ δ', ω Κάτων, εἰ αχθῃ τῷ κόσμῳ τῶν γυναικῶν καὶ βούλει φιλόσοφόν τι ποιῆσαι καὶ μεγαλοπρεπές, ἀπόκειρον αὐτὰς περιτρόχαλα, καὶ χιτωνίσκους καὶ ἐξωμίδας ενδυσον, καὶ νὴ ∆ία σύ γε καὶ οπλισον ἐφ' ιππους τε ἀναβίβασον, καὶ εἰ δοκεῖ σοι καὶ εἰς τὴν ̓Ιβηρίαν ἀνάγαγε· οπως τε καὶ τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν κοινωνῶσιν ἡμῖν, καὶ δεῦρο αὐτὰς εἰσφερώμεθα." καὶ ὁ μὲν Οὐαλέριος ταῦτα ἐπισκώπτων ειπεν, ἀκούσασαι δὲ αἱ γυναῖκες, ἐγγὺς γὰρ τῆς ἀγορᾶς πολλαὶ διέτριβον πολυπραγμονοῦσαι τὸ 2.300 γενησόμενον, εἰσεπήδησαν εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν καταβοῶσαι τοῦ νόμου, καὶ ουτω σπουδῇ λυθέντος αὐτοῦ ἀνεδήσαντο ἐκεῖ εὐθὺς ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ κόσμον τινὰ καὶ ἐξῆλθον χορεύουσαι. ̔Ο δὲ Κάτων ἀποπλεύσας εἰς τὴν ̓Ιβηρίαν ἀφίκετο, καὶ μαθὼν πάντας τοὺς μέχρι τοῦ Ιβηρος οἰκοῦντας συνεστράφθαι, ινα καθ' εν αὐτῷ πολεμήσωσι, συγκροτήσας τὸ στράτευμα προσέβαλε σφίσι, καὶ ἡττήσας αὐτοὺς ἠνάγκασε προσχωρῆσαί οἱ, φοβηθέντας ινα μὴ καὶ τὰς πόλεις αὐτοβοεὶ ἀποβάλωσι. καὶ τότε μὲν δεινὸν αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν εἰργάσατο, υστερον δὲ