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not accepting to be called their friends, they then became very eager to obtain this; and they achieved their aim, but late. And the Romans were angry with the Cretans, but when they made many supplications, they at last put aside their anger. And as for Prusias and Eumenes, the one, having come to the city in person and entered the senate-house and kissed the threshold and prostrated himself before the senators, was both pitied and acquitted, while Eumenes, through Attalus his brother, received the assurance that they would bear him no grudge. Then the affairs of Cappadocia were also settled in this way. Ariarathes, the ruler of that country, had a legitimate son, Ariarathes. But before he had him, since his wife was not pregnant for a long time, she passed off a supposititious child, calling him Orophernes. But when the legitimate son was afterwards born, the other one was detected and driven out. He, after the death of Ariarathes, rose up against his supposed brother. And Eumenes allied himself with Ariarathes, but Demetrius, the king of the Syrians, with Orophernes. But Ariarathes, being defeated, fled to the Romans, and by them was appointed a partner with Orophernes in the kingdom. Because Ariarathes had been addressed as a friend and ally by the Romans, he on this account appropriated the whole kingdom to himself. And Attalus, having succeeded the deceased Eumenes, drove both Orophernes and Demetrius completely out of Cappadocia. But Ptolemy, the ruler of Egypt, died leaving two 2.322 sons and one daughter. And when the brothers fell into strife with one another concerning the rule, Antiochus, the son of Antiochus the Great, received the youngest, who had been driven out, so that on the pretext of defending him he might enter the Egyptians' territory. And having campaigned against Egypt, he gained control of most of the country and was besieging Alexandria. But when the others fled to the Romans, Popilius, being sent to Antiochus, ordered him to keep away from Egypt; for the brothers, understanding the intention of Antiochus, had become reconciled. But when he postponed his reply, he drew a circle around him with a rod, and demanded that he deliberate and answer while standing there. Thereupon Antiochus, becoming afraid, abandoned the siege. But the Ptolemies, being freed from the external fear—for so they were both called—again fell into strife. Then they were again reconciled by the Romans on the condition that the elder should have Egypt and Cyprus, and the other should have the regions around Cyrene; for these also at that time belonged to the Egyptians. But the younger, being indignant because of his lesser portion, came to Rome; and he obtained from them Cyprus as well. The elder then made agreements again with the younger, giving him some cities instead of Cyprus and arranging to contribute money and grain. When Antiochus died after this and left the kingdom to a child of the same name, they both confirmed it for him and sent three men as guardians, supposedly, for he was young. These men, finding elephants and triremes contrary to the treaties, ordered all the elephants to be slain and managed the other affairs 2.323 to the advantage of Rome. For which reason Lysias, who had been entrusted with the guardianship of the king, incited the populace to expel the Romans, and to kill Gaius Octavius. And when these things happened, he immediately sent envoys to Rome to apologize for what had been done, but Demetrius, the son of Seleucus, the son of Antiochus, who was a hostage in Rome at the time of his father's death and had been deprived of the kingdom by his uncle Antiochus, when he learned of the death of Antiochus, asked for his ancestral kingdom, but they neither assisted him in this nor permitted him to depart from Rome. And he, though discontented, nevertheless kept quiet. But when the events concerning Lysias occurred, he no longer delayed, but escaped; and from Lycia he wrote to the senate that his campaign was not against his cousin Antiochus—for so they anciently called first cousins—but against Lysias, in order to avenge Octavius. And having hastened to Tripolis in Syria and won it over by pretending to have been sent by the Romans to the kingdom, for

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αὐτῶν καλεῖσθαι μὴ προσδεχόμενοι, τότε καὶ πάνυ τούτου τυχεῖν ἐσπούδαζον· καὶ ετυχον τῆς σπουδῆς, ἀλλ' ὀψέ. καὶ τοῖς Κρησὶν ὠργίζοντο μὲν οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι, ἱκετείαις δὲ χρωμένοις πολλαῖς ἀφῆκάν ποτε τὴν ὀργήν. καὶ ὁ Προυσίας δὲ καὶ ὁ Εὐμένης, ὁ μὲν δι' ἑαυτοῦ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἐλθὼν καὶ εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον εἰσελθὼν καὶ τὸν οὐδὸν φιλήσας καὶ προσκυνήσας τοὺς βουλευτὰς ἠλεήθη τε καὶ ἠθώωτο, Εὐμένης δὲ δι' ̓Αττάλου τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τὸ μή τι μνησικακεῖν αὐτῷ ειληφε. Τότε δὲ καὶ τὰ τῆς Καππαδοκίας ουτω διῳκήθη. ̓Αριαράθης ὁ ταύτης κρατῶν παῖδα γνήσιον εσχεν ̓Αριαράθην. πρὶν δ' ἐσχηκέναι αὐτόν, ἐπεὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐκύισκε, παῖδα προσεποιήσατο ̓Οροφέρνην καλέσασα. γεννηθέντος δ' επειτα τοῦ γνησίου φωραθεὶς ἐκεῖνος ἐξηλάθη. ος μετὰ τὸν ̓Αριαράθου θάνατον τῷ ἀδελφῷ δῆθεν ἐπανέστη. καὶ συνεμάχουν ̓Αριαράθῃ μὲν Εὐμένης, ̓Οροφέρνῃ δὲ ∆ημήτριος ὁ τῶν Σύρων βασιλεύς. ἐλαττωθεὶς δὲ ̓Αριαράθης πρὸς τοὺς ̔Ρωμαίους κατέφυγε, καὶ κοινωνὸς τῷ ̓Οροφέρνῃ τῆς βασιλείας ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἀποδέδεικτο. οτι δὲ ὁ ̓Αριαράθης τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις φίλος καὶ σύμμαχος προσηγόρευτο, πᾶσαν ἐκεῖνος τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐκ τούτου προσῳκειώσατο. καὶ ὁ Ατταλος δὲ τὸν Εὐμένη θανόντα διαδεξάμενος τόν τε ̓Οροφέρνην καὶ τὸν ∆ημήτριον παντελῶς ἐκ τῆς Καππαδοκίας ἀπήλασεν. ̔Ο δὲ τῆς Αἰγύπτου κρατῶν Πτολεμαῖος ἐπὶ δυσὶν 2.322 υἱέσι καὶ μιᾷ ἐξέλιπε θυγατρί. ὡς δὲ πρὸς ἀλλήλους οἱ ἀδελφοὶ περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐστασίασαν, ̓Αντίοχος ὁ τοῦ ̓Αντιόχου τοῦ μεγάλου υἱὸς τὸν νεώτατον ἐκπεσόντα ἐδέξατο, ινα προφάσει τοῦ αὐτῷ ἀμύνειν εἰς τὰ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων παρέλθοι. καὶ στρατεύσας ἐπὶ τὴν Αιγυπτον τῆς τε πλείονος χώρας ἐκράτησε καὶ ἐπολιόρκει τὴν ̓Αλεξάνδρειαν. καταφυγόντων δὲ τῶν αλλων πρὸς τοὺς ̔Ρωμαίους, πεμφθεὶς πρὸς τὸν ̓Αντίοχον ὁ Ποπίλιος ἀποσχέσθαι αὐτὸν τῆς Αἰγύπτου ἐκέλευσεν· οἱ γὰρ ἀδελφοὶ συνέντες τὴν τοῦ ̓Αντιόχου διάνοιαν κατηλλάγησαν. ὡς δ' ἐκεῖνος ὑπερέθετο τὴν ἀπόκρισιν, κύκλον ῥάβδῳ πέριξ αὐτοῦ περιέγραψε, κἀνταῦθα αὐτὸν ἑστηκότα ἀπῄτησε βουλεύσασθαί τε καὶ ἀποκρίνασθαι. ἐντεῦθεν δείσας ὁ ̓Αντίοχος τὴν πολιορκίαν κατέλυσεν. ἀπαλλαγέντες δὲ τοῦ εξωθεν φόβου οἱ Πτολεμαῖοι, ουτω γὰρ ἐκαλοῦντο ἀμφότεροι, αυθις ἐστασίασαν. ειτα συνηλλάγησαν αυθις ὑπὸ τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων ἐφ' ῳ τὸν μὲν πρεσβύτερον τὴν Αιγυπτον καὶ τὴν Κύπρον, τὰ δὲ περὶ τὴν Κυρήνην εχειν τὸν ετερον· καὶ ταῦτα γὰρ τότε τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ην. ἀγανακτῶν δ' ὁ νεώτερος διὰ τὴν ἐλάττωσιν ἐς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἀφίκετο· καὶ ευρατο παρ' αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν Κύπρον. ὁ δὲ πρεσβύτερος συμβάσεις εθετο αυθις πρὸς τὸν νεώτερον, πόλεις τέ τινας ἀντὶ τῆς Κύπρου δοὺς καὶ χρήματα καὶ σῖτον ταξάμενος συντελεῖν. Τοῦ δ' ̓Αντιόχου τελευτῶντος μετὰ τοῦτο καὶ παιδὶ ὁμωνύμῳ τὴν βασιλείαν καταλιπόντος, ταύτην τε αὐτῷ ἐβεβαίωσαν καὶ τρεῖς ανδρας ἐπιτρόπους δῆθεν, μικρὸς γὰρ ην, επεμψαν. οι παρὰ τὰς συνθήκας εὑρόντες ἐλέφαντας καὶ τριήρεις, τούς τε ἐλέφαντας σφαγῆναι πάντας ἐκέλευσαν καὶ ταλλα πρὸς 2.323 τὸ τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ συμφέρον διῴκουν. δι' απερ Λυσίας ὁ τοῦ βασιλέως τὴν κηδεμονίαν ἐγκεχειρισμένος παρώξυνε τὸ πλῆθος ἐκβαλεῖν τοὺς ̔Ρωμαίους, τὸν δὲ Γάιον τὸν ̓Οκτάβιον καὶ ἀποκτεῖναι. καὶ τούτων γενομένων ὁ μὲν πρέσβεις εὐθὺς εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἀπέστειλεν ὑπὲρ τῶν πεπραγμένων ἀπολογούμενος, ∆ημήτριος δὲ ὁ Σελεύκου υἱὸς τοῦ παιδὸς ̓Αντιόχου ὁμηρεύων ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ κατὰ τὸν τοῦ πατρὸς θάνατον καὶ ὑπὸ ̓Αντιόχου τοῦ θείου τῆς βασιλείας ἐστερημένος, ὡς τὸν τοῦ ̓Αντιόχου θάνατον εγνω, ῃτει μὲν τὴν πατρῴαν ἀρχήν, οἱ δὲ ουτε ταύτην αὐτῷ συνέπραξαν ουτ' ἀπᾶραι τῆς ̔Ρώμης ἐπέτρεψαν. καὶ ος καὶ δυσχεραίνων ομως ἡσύχαζεν. ἐπεὶ δὲ τὰ κατὰ τὸν Λυσίαν ἐγένετο, οὐκέτ' ἐμέλλησεν, ἀλλ' ἀπέδρα· καὶ ἐκ Λυκίας τῇ γερουσίᾳ ἐπέστειλε μὴ ἐπὶ τὸν ἀνεψιὸν τὸν ̓Αντίοχον, ουτω γὰρ οἱ πάλαι τοὺς ἐξαδέλφους ἐκάλουν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τὸν Λυσίαν τὴν ὁρμὴν εχειν, ωστε τῷ ̓Οκταβίῳ τιμωρήσειν. ἐς Τρίπολιν δὲ τῆς Συρίας ἐπειχθεὶς καὶ ταύτην προσαγαγόμενος ὡς ὑπὸ τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν σταλείς, τὴν γὰρ