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no one thought of his escape, and having taken Apamea and gathered a force, he marched upon Antioch, and the child and Lysias, who met him in a friendly manner, for, fearing the Romans, they did not resist, he destroyed, and he recovered the kingdom, and he sent to Rome a crown and the murderers of Octavius. But they, being angry with him, accepted neither. After this, the Romans marched against the Dalmatians. This nation is of the Illyrians who live along the Ionian gulf, some of whom the Greeks called Taulantians, and they hold part of Dyrrachium. 2.324 The cause of the war was that they were wronging some of their neighbors who were in friendship with the Romans, and when the Romans sent envoys with them on their behalf, they gave no moderate reply, but even seized and killed the envoys of the others. These Scipio Nasica subdued, marching against them; for he both took their cities and sold the captives. And other things happened in those times, but not worthy of memory or history. From this point, the third war against the Carthaginians was kindled again. For they could not bear being in an inferior position, but were preparing both allied forces and a navy in preparation for the Numidian war, contrary to the treaties; but the Romans, as they set other matters according to their will, did not remain quiet, but sending Scipio Nasica, they both brought these charges against them and ordered them to disband their preparations. And since they blamed Masinissa and, because of the war against him, refused to do what was ordered, they arranged a certain agreement for them with Masinissa and persuaded him to yield some territory to them. But since they did not listen at all, the Romans, after waiting a little, as soon as they learned that they had been defeated in a great battle by Masinissa, immediately voted for war against them. The Carthaginians, learning this, and not being in a good state because of the disaster, were terrified, and have sent envoys to Rome for an alliance, for others of their neighbors were attacking them, and they feigned2.325 that they would yield in everything to the Romans. For since they did not intend to abide by the treaties, they promised everything more easily. And when the senate convened a council about this, Scipio Nasica advised to receive the Carthaginian embassy and to make a treaty with them, but Marcus Cato said that they should neither make a truce with them nor rescind the decree of war. But the senators accepted the supplication of the envoys and promised to grant them a treaty, and on these terms they demanded hostages. whom Lucius Marcius and Marcus Manilius, having come to Sicily, received when they were sent there. And they sent them to Rome, but they themselves have occupied Africa with haste. And having encamped, they summoned the Carthaginian authorities there; and when they arrived, they did not reveal to them all at once what they were demanding, fearing that if they learned these things beforehand, they would enter into war while their affairs were still intact. And first they demanded grain and received it, then the triremes and on top of these the siege engines, then they demanded the weapons in addition. Having received everything, therefore, for the Carthaginians had much other preparation hidden, finally they ordered them to raze their own city, and to build another, un-walled, in the interior, eighty stades distant from the sea. At this the Carthaginians were brought to tears and wailed as if they had been captured and begged the consuls not to force them to become the murderers of their own fatherland. But when they accomplished nothing, but were ordered either to do what was commanded or to undertake the war, many of them remained there with the Romans as with those who had already conquered, but the rest, having withdrawn2.326, killed some of their own magistrates, because they had not chosen war from the beginning, and they destroyed the Romans found within the walls, and they rushed into war. Therefore, they freed all the slaves and brought back the exiles, and Hasdrubal as general

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ἀπόδρασιν αὐτοῦ οὐδεὶς ἐνενόει, καὶ ̓Απαμείας κρατήσας δύναμίν τε συναγαγὼν ἐπὶ τὴν ̓Αντιόχειαν ηλασε, καὶ τό τε παιδίον καὶ τὸν Λυσίαν φιλικῶς ἀπαντήσαντας αὐτῷ, δεδιότες γὰρ τοὺς ̔Ρωμαίους οὐκ ἀντῆραν, διέφθειρε, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἀνεκομίσατο, κἀν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ στέφανον καὶ τοὺς τοῦ ̓Οκταβίου αὐτοέντας ἀπέστειλεν. οἱ δὲ χαλεπαίνοντες αὐτῷ οὐδέτερον ἐδέξαντο. Μετὰ ταῦτα δ' ἐπὶ ∆αλμάτας οἱ ̔Ρωμαῖοι ἐστράτευσαν. τὸ δ' εθνος τοῦτο εστι μὲν ̓Ιλλυριῶν τῶν παρὰ τὸν ̓Ιόνιον κόλπον, ων τινας Ταυλαντίους ὠνόμαζον Ελληνες, εχονται δὲ τοῦ ∆υρραχίου ἐν μέρει. 2.324 αιτιον δὲ τοῦ πολέμου οτι τινὰς τῶν προσχώρων αὐτοῖς ἐν φιλίᾳ τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις οντας ἠδίκουν, συμπρεσβευσαμένοις τε ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις οὐδὲν μέτριον ἀπεκρίναντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς τῶν αλλων πρέσβεις συλλαβόντες ἀπέκτειναν. τούτους ὁ Σκιπίων ὁ Νασικᾶς ὑπέταξεν, ἐπ' αὐτοὺς στρατεύσας· τάς τε γὰρ πόλεις αὐτῶν ειλε καὶ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἐπίπρασκε. καὶ αλλα δὲ κατ' ἐκείνους συνέβη τοὺς χρόνους, οὐ μνήμης μέντοι οὐδ' ἱστορίας αξια. ̓Εντεῦθεν αυθις ὁ πρὸς τοὺς Καρχηδονίους τὸ τρίτον ἀνερριπίζετο πόλεμος. οἱ μὲν γὰρ οὐκ εφερον ἐλαττούμενοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ συμμαχικὰ καὶ ναυτικὸν ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ Νομαδικοῦ πολέμου παρασκευῇ παρὰ τὰς συνθήκας ἡτοίμαζον· οἱ δὲ ̔Ρωμαῖοι ὡς τὰ αλλα κατὰ γνώμην εθεντο, οὐχ ἡσύχασαν, ἀλλὰ πέμψαντες τὸν Σκιπίωνα τὸν Νασικᾶν ταῦτά τε αὐτοῖς ἐνεκάλουν καὶ τὴν παρασκευὴν διαλῦσαι ἐκέλευον. καὶ ἐπεὶ τὸν Μασινίσσαν ᾐτιῶντο ἐκεῖνοι καὶ διὰ τὸν πρὸς ἐκεῖνον πόλεμον ἀπειρήκασι ποιῆσαι τὸ κελευόμενον, σύμβασίν τινα πρὸς τὸν Μασινίσσαν αὐτοῖς επραξαν καί τινος αὐτοῖς ἀποστῆναι χώρας αὐτὸν επεισαν. ὡς δ' οὐδὲν μᾶλλον εἰσήκουον, μικρὸν ἐπισχόντες ̔Ρωμαῖοι, ἐπεὶ τάχιστα νικηθέντας σφᾶς μεγάλῃ μάχῃ πρὸς τοῦ Μασινίσσου ἐπύθοντο, εὐθὺς αὐτοῖς τὸν πόλεμον ἐψηφίσαντο. ο μαθόντες οἱ Καρχηδόνιοι, οὐκ ευ ὑπὸ τῆς συμφορᾶς εχοντες, κατέδεισαν, καὶ πρέσβεις ἐς τὴν ̔Ρώμην διὰ συμμαχίαν ἐστάλκασι, καὶ αλλοι γὰρ τῶν προσχώρων αὐτοῖς ἐπετίθεντο, καὶ ἐς πᾶν τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις ὑπείξειν ἐπλάτ2.325 τοντο. μὴ γὰρ ταῖς σπονδαῖς ἐμμένειν μέλλοντες, ῥᾷον απαντα ἐπηγγέλλοντο. Τῆς δὲ γερουσίας βουλὴν περὶ τούτου συναγαγούσης, ὁ μὲν Σκιπίων ὁ Νασικᾶς δέξασθαι τὴν τῶν Καρχηδονίων πρεσβείαν καὶ σπονδὰς αὐτοῖς ποιήσασθαι συνεβούλευεν, ὁ δὲ Κάτων ὁ Μάρκος μήτε σπείσασθαι τούτοις δεῖν ειπε μήτε λῦσαι τοῦ πολέμου τὸ ψήφισμα. οἱ δέ γε βουλευταὶ τήν τε τῶν πρέσβεων ἱκετείαν ἐδέξαντο καὶ σπονδὰς αὐτοῖς ὑπέσχοντο παρασχεῖν καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁμήρους ῃτησαν. ους Λούκιος Μάρκιος καὶ Μάρκος Μανίλιος, εἰς τὴν Σικελίαν ἐλθόντες, ἐκεῖσε πεμφθέντας ελαβον. καὶ τοὺς μὲν εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην επεμψαν, αὐτοὶ δὲ σπουδῇ τὴν ̓Αφρικὴν κατειλήφασι. καὶ στρατοπεδευσάμενοι τὰ τέλη τῶν Καρχηδονίων ἐκεῖ μετεπέμψαντο· καὶ ὡς ἀφίκοντο, οὐ πάντα αμα σφίσιν οσα ῃτουν ἐξέφηναν, δείσαντες μὴ ταῦτα προμαθόντες ἀκεραίοις τοῖς πράγμασι σφῶν καταστῶσιν εἰς πόλεμον. καὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον σῖτον ῃτησαν καὶ ελαβον, ειτα τὰς τριήρεις καὶ ἐπὶ ταύταις τὰ μηχανήματα, ειτα τὰ οπλα προσῄτησαν. λαβόντες ουν πάντα, οἱ γὰρ Καρχηδόνιοι πολλὴν ἑτέραν παρασκευὴν κεκρυμμένην ειχον, τέλος ἐκέλευον αὐτοὺς κατασκάψαι μὲν τὴν πόλιν αὐτῶν, ἑτέραν δ' ἐν μεσογείῳ οἰκοδομῆσαι ἀτείχιστον, ὀγδοήκοντα σταδίους τῆς θαλάσσης διέχουσαν. πρὸς τοῦτο δ' οἱ Καρχηδόνιοι ἐς δάκρυα κατηνέχθησαν καὶ ὡς ἑαλωκότες ἀνωλοφύροντο καὶ ἐδέοντο τῶν ὑπάτων μὴ καταναγκάσαι σφᾶς γενέσθαι τῆς πατρίδος αὐτόχειρας. ὡς δ' οὐδὲν ηνυον, ἀλλ' η πρᾶξαι τὸ προσταττόμενον ἐκελεύοντο η ἀναρρῖψαι τὸν πόλεμον, συχνοὶ μὲν αὐτοῦ παρὰ τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις ὡς ηδη κεκρατηκόσι κατέμειναν, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἀπαναχωρή2.326 σαντες τῶν τε σφετέρων ἀρχόντων ἐνίους ἀπέκτειναν, οτι μὴ κατ' ἀρχὰς τὸν πόλεμον ειλοντο, καὶ τοὺς ἐντὸς τοῦ τείχους εὑρεθέντας ̔Ρωμαίους διέφθειραν, καὶ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ωρμησαν. διὸ τούς τε δούλους απαντας ἠλευθέρωσαν καὶ τοὺς φυγάδας κατήγαγον, καὶ τὸν ̓Ασδρούβαν στρατηγὸν