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of a great foot soldier, Pompey was struck in the hand by him, while he had his hand cut off by Pompey. And having joined with Metellus, he honored the man and was honored. But when Sertorius was assassinated by his friends, Perpenna, the foremost of his commanders, attempted to do likewise to him, having taken command of his forces. but Pompey, having arrayed himself against him, conquered all; and most of the commanders were killed in the battle, and he killed Perpenna himself, who had been captured alive. and 2.345 having remained there and having settled affairs and having quenched the disturbances, he led the army back to Italy. And there was suspicion and fear that he would not disband the army, but would proceed by force of arms to establish a monarchy. But he dispelled this suspicion, by saying that he would disband the army after the triumph. But still those who were envious of him accused him, that he attached himself more to the people than to the senate; which was true. For there is no one whom the Roman people loved more madly. At any rate, a consulship and a second triumph were decreed for him; and it was decreed that Crassus should be his colleague in the consulship, at his own earnest request. But having been appointed consuls, they were at variance, and in the senate Crassus was the more powerful, but among the people Pompey prevailed. And he also declined the command; and it being a custom for the Roman equestrians, when they have served the legal time, to lead their horse into the forum before the censors, and to recount each of the generals and imperators under whom they had served, and to give an account of their service and thus be discharged, honor or dishonor being assigned appropriate to the lives of each, at that time the censors were sitting in front and the equestrians were passing by to be examined, Pompey was also seen in the forum, having the other insignia of his office, but leading his horse himself by hand. And there was astonishment and silence from the people. Then one of the censors said, "I ask of you, O Pompey Magnus, if you have served all the campaigns required by law." And he with a loud voice answered, "I have served, and all of them under myself as imperator." At this the people cried out, and the censors, gratifying the citizens, rose and escorted him home. 2.346 And when his term of office was now completed, Pompey laid it aside. And after this the war against the pirates was entrusted to him. For the piratical force had set out from Cilicia, having put itself at the service of the king in the Mithridatic war; then when the Romans fell upon one another in the civil wars, the sea being unguarded gradually drew them on; and having gained power, they not only attacked those who were sailing, but also tore away islands and coastal cities. So the pirate ships numbered over a thousand, and the cities captured by them over four hundred. And they plundered many inviolable sanctuaries, and they also committed outrages against the Romans. For whenever someone who was captured cried out that he was a Roman, pretending to be struck with amazement and to be afraid, they would smite their thighs and fall down before him; and some would put shoes on his feet, and others would throw a toga around him, and having thus mocked him, at last, putting forward a ladder in the middle of the sea, they would order him to disembark and go on his way rejoicing; but if he was unwilling, they would push him and sink him. And since the whole sea was unnavigable for merchants, there was a scarcity of necessities in the market. And since it was decided to send Pompey out against the pirates, Gabinius, one of Pompey's associates, wrote a law giving him not a naval command, but openly a monarchy. For the law gave him command of the sea within the Pillars of Hercules, and of all the mainland for four hundred stades from the sea, and to choose fifteen legates from the senate for the several commands, and to take money from the treasuries and the tax-farmers 2.347 as much as he wished, and two hundred ships. The people eagerly accepted these things; but the more distinguished members of the senate considered the unlimited and undefined nature of the authority to be worthy of fear, and they spoke against it, except Caesar; but he supported the law, not on account of the

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μεγάλου πεζοῦ, ὁ μὲν Πομπήιος ὑπ' ἐκείνου ἐπλήγη τὴν χεῖρα, ἐκεῖνος δὲ ὑπὸ Πομπηίου αὐτὴν ἀπεκόπη. ἑνωθεὶς δὲ τῷ Μετέλλῳ ἐτίμησε τὸν ανδρα καὶ ἐτιμήθη. ̓Αλλὰ τοῦ Σερτωρίου δολοφονηθέντος ὑπὸ τῶν φίλων, Περπέννας ὁ τῶν αὐτοῦ ἡγεμόνων κορυφαιότατος ἐπεχείρησεν ἐκείνῳ ποιεῖν ὁμοίως, τὰς ἐκείνου δυνάμεις περιβαλόμενος. ἀλλ' ὁ Πομπήιος ἀντιταξάμενος αὐτῷ ἐκράτησε πάντων· καὶ διεφθάρησαν οἱ πλεῖστοι τῶν ἡγεμόνων ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, αὐτὸν δὲ τὸν Περπένναν ἑαλωκότα ζωὸν ἀπέκτεινε. καὶ 2.345 προσμείνας ἐκεῖ καὶ καταστήσας τὰ πράγματα καὶ κατασβέσας τὰς ταραχὰς εἰς ̓Ιταλίαν ἀπήγαγε τὸν στρατόν. ην δ' ὑποψία καὶ δέος ὡς οὐ προήσεται τὸ στράτευμα, δι' οπλων δὲ βαδιεῖται μοναρχίας κατάρχων. ὁ δὲ καὶ ταύτην ἀνεῖλε τὴν ὑπόνοιαν, ἀφήσειν τὸ στράτευμα φήσας μετὰ τὸν θρίαμβον. εν δ' ετι οἱ βασκαίνοντες αὐτὸν ᾐτιῶντο, οτι τῷ δήμῳ μᾶλλον η τῇ βουλῇ προσένεμεν ἑαυτόν· οπερ ην ἀληθές. οὐ γὰρ εστιν ουτινος ἐμμανέστερον ὁ ̔Ρωμαίων ἠράσθη δῆμος. ἐψηφίσθη γοῦν αὐτῷ ὑπατεία καὶ δεύτερος θρίαμβος· συνυπατεύειν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ὁ Κράσσος ἐψηφίσθη αὐτοῦ σπουδάσαντος. ἀλλ' ἀποδειχθέντες υπατοι διεφέροντο, καὶ ἐν μὲν τῇ βουλῇ ὁ Κράσσος ισχυε μᾶλλον, παρὰ δὲ τῷ δήμῳ ἐκράτει Πομπήιος. παρῃτήσατο δὲ καὶ τὴν στρατηγίαν· καὶ εθους οντος τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις ἱππεῦσιν, οταν στρατεύσωνται τὸν νόμιμον χρόνον, αγειν τὸν ιππον εἰς ἀγορὰν ἐπὶ τοὺς τιμητάς, καταριθμεῖσθαί τε τῶν στρατηγῶν καὶ αὐτοκρατόρων εκαστον ὑφ' οις ἐστρατεύσαντο, καὶ εὐθύνας διδόναι τῆς στρατείας καὶ ουτως ἀφίεσθαι, νεμομένης τιμῆς η ἀτιμίας προσηκούσης τοῖς βίοις ἑκάστων, τότε προεκάθηντο μὲν οἱ τιμηταὶ καὶ οἱ ἱππεῖς παρῄεσαν ἐξεταζόμενοι, ωφθη δὲ καὶ Πομπήιος εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν τὰ μὲν αλλα παράσημα τῆς ἀρχῆς εχων, αὐτὸς δ' αγων τὸν ιππον διὰ χειρός. ην δὲ τοῦ δήμου θαῦμα καὶ σιωπή. ειτα ὁ εις τῶν τιμητῶν "πυνθάνομαί σου" ειπεν "ω Πομπήιε Μάγνε, εἰ πάσας ἐστράτευσαι τὰς κατὰ νόμον στρατείας." ὁ δὲ μεγάλῃ φωνῇ "ἐστράτευμαι" ἀπεκρίνατο, "καὶ πάσας ὑπ' ἐμαυτῷ αὐτοκράτορι." πρὸς τοῦτο ὁ δῆμος ἐξέκραγε, καὶ οἱ τιμηταὶ τοῖς πολίταις χαριζόμενοι ἀναστάντες προέπεμπον αὐτὸν οικαδε. 2.346 Ηδη δὲ τῆς ἀρχῆς περανθείσης ἀπέθετο αὐτὴν ὁ Πομπήιος. καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ὁ πειρατικὸς αὐτῷ ἀνετέθη πόλεμος. ωρμητο μὲν γὰρ ἡ πειρατικὴ δύναμις ἐκ Κιλικίας, ἐν τῷ Μιθριδατικῷ πολέμῳ ταῖς βασιλικαῖς ὑπηρεσίαις χρήσασα ἑαυτήν· ειτα ̔Ρωμαίων ἐν τοῖς ἐμφυλίοις πολέμοις συμπεσόντων ἀλλήλοις, ἀφύλακτος ουσα ἡ θάλασσα κατ' ὀλίγον αὐτοὺς ἐφειλκύσατο· καὶ δύναμιν σχόντες οὐ τοῖς πλέουσιν ἐπετίθεντο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ νήσους καὶ πόλεις παραλίους παρεσπῶντο. ἐγένοντο δ' ουν αἱ μὲν λῃστρικαὶ νῆες ὑπὲρ χιλίας, αἱ δὲ ἁλοῦσαι ὑπ' αὐτῶν πόλεις ὑπὲρ τετρακοσίας. πολλὰ δὲ καὶ τῶν ἀβάτων ἐξέκοψαν ἱερῶν, ἐνύβριζον δὲ καὶ τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις. ὁπότε γάρ τις ἁλοὺς ἀνεβόησε ̔Ρωμαῖος ειναι, ἐκπεπλῆχθαι προσποιούμενοι καὶ δεδιέναι, τούς τε μηροὺς ἐπαίοντο καὶ προσέπιπτον αὐτῷ· καὶ οἱ μὲν ὑπέδουν αὐτὸν κάλτια, οἱ δὲ τήβεννον περιέβαλλον, ουτω τε κατειρωνευσάμενοι τέλος ἐν μέσῳ πελάγει κλίμακα προβαλόντες ἐκέλευον ἐκβαίνειν καὶ ἀπιέναι χαίροντα· εἰ δὲ μὴ βούλοιτο, ὠθοῦντες αὐτὸν κατέδυον. Πάσης δὲ θαλάσσης ἀπλώτου τοῖς ἐμπόροις ουσης, σπάνις ην τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ. δόξαν δὲ τὸν Πομπήιον ἐκπέμψαι κατὰ τῶν πειρατῶν, Γαβίνιος εις τῶν Πομπηίου συνήθων εγραψε νόμον οὐ ναυαρχίαν, αντικρυς δὲ μοναρχίαν αὐτῷ διδόντα. ἐδίδου γὰρ ὁ νόμος αὐτῷ ἀρχὴν τῆς ἐντὸς ̔Ηρακλείων στηλῶν θαλάσσης, ἠπείρου δὲ πάσης ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἐπὶ τετρακόσια στάδια, καὶ πεντεκαίδεκα πρεσβευτὰς ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς ἑλέσθαι ἐπὶ τὰς κατὰ μέρος ἡγεμονίας, χρήματα δὲ λαμβάνειν ἐκ τῶν ταμιείων καὶ τῶν τελῶν 2.347 οσα βούλοιτο, καὶ ναῦς διακοσίας. ταῦτα ὁ μὲν δῆμος προθύμως ἐδέξατο· οἱ δὲ τῆς συγκλήτου περιφανέστεροι φόβου αξιον ἐνόμιζον τὸ τῆς ἐξουσίας ἀπερίληπτον καὶ ἀόριστον, καὶ ἀντέλεγον, πλὴν Καίσαρος· ουτος δὲ συνηγόρει τῷ νόμῳ, οὐ διὰ τὸν