333

When it was heard from this that he was making the office for sale to those unworthy of it, Cato said to the women, "We must share in these reproaches, having become related to Pompey." And although the triumph, because of its size, was divided into two days, the time was not sufficient, but many of the things prepared were left out of the spectacle. And by inscriptions carried before were shown the nations over which he triumphed. And these were, Pontus, Armenia, Paphlagonia, Cappadocia, Media, Colchis, the Iberians, the Albanians, Syria, Cilicia, Mesopotamia, the regions around Phoenicia and Palestine, Judaea, Arabia, the entire pirate force subdued in war on land and sea; and among these, strongholds captured were not less than a thousand, cities not much short of nine hundred, eight hundred pirate ships, and thirty-nine settlements of cities. And in addition to these things, it declared through the inscriptions that fifty million came from the revenues, and from what he himself had acquired, the Romans receive eighty-five million, and there was brought into the public treasury in coin and plate of sil2.353 ver and gold twenty thousand talents, apart from what was given to the soldiers. And captives were led in the procession, besides the pirate chiefs: the son of Tigranes of Armenia with his wife and daughters, and the wife of king Tigranes himself, Zosime, and the king of the Jews, Aristobulus, and relatives of Mithridates, and many others. And it was the greatest thing for his glory that having triumphed three times, the first from Libya, the second from Europe, and leading the last one from Asia, he seemed in a way to have led the inhabited world in his three triumphs. And he was then forty years of age. And after this, when a shortage of grain seized Rome and its environs, having sailed to Sicily and Sardinia and Libya, he collected grain. And being about to set sail, with the pilots hesitating because of violent winds, he himself embarking first ordered them to raise the anchors and shouted, "To sail is necessary, to live is not necessary." And employing such daring and good fortune, he filled the markets with grain, and the sea with ships. And he would have profited had he ceased his life at this point; but the time beyond this brought for him successes that aroused envy, but incurable misfortunes. For having attached himself to Caesar, and having elevated him through his own glory and power, by him he was both overthrown and cast down. But so that the same things are not narrated twice, the rest of Pompey's story will be told in the account of Caesar, as it coincides with the history of him. And Caesar, being successful in his generalships 2.354 and having won many wars, and courting for himself the favor of the people, he cultivated them; and desiring monarchy, since he saw some opposing him, and especially Pompey who was very powerful then, he came to Rome from Iberia. He had obtained this before; when he entered upon it, he campaigned against the Lusitanians and Callaici; and having conquered these, he advanced as far as the outer sea, subduing the nations that had not previously submitted to the Romans. And he left the province with a good reputation, having himself become rich and having benefited his soldiers. But wishing to celebrate a triumph for his victory, and having arrived just at the consular elections, and seeking the consulship for himself, he found himself in a legal conflict. For it was customary for those intending to celebrate a triumph to remain outside the city, while those wishing to stand for the consulship had to do this in person, by appearing before the electors. Therefore he disregarded the triumph, and entering the city, he announced his candidacy for the consulship. And of those who were very powerful in the senate, Crassus, with whom Caesar was on friendly terms, happened to be politically opposed to Pompey. Caesar brought these men from disagreement to friendship, and being escorted, as it were, by both, he was advanced to the consulship; and immediately he introduced laws by which he won over the people. And further, Caesar, attaching Pompey's power to himself, betrothed his own daughter Julia to him. Therefore Pompey, having married her, immediately filled the forum with arms

333

ἐντεῦθεν ἀκούοντος ὡς ωνιον τὴν ἀρχὴν ποιουμένου τοῖς μὴ ταύτης ἀξίοις, ὁ Κάτων πρὸς τὰς γυναῖκας "τούτων" εφη "τῶν ὀνειδῶν κοινωνητέον ἡμῖν οἰκείοις γενομένοις πρὸς τὸν Πομπήιον." Τοῦ δὲ θριάμβου τῷ μεγέθει καίπερ εἰς δύο ἡμέρας μερισθέντος ὁ χρόνος οὐκ ἐξήρκεσεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν παρεσκευασμένων πολλὰ τῆς θέας ἐξέπεσε. γράμμασι δὲ προηγουμένοις ἐδηλοῦτο τὰ γένη καθ' ων ἐθριάμβευεν. ην δὲ ταῦτα, Πόντος, ̓Αρμενία, Παφλαγονία, Καππαδοκία, Μηδία, Κόλχοι, Ιβηρες, ̓Αλβανοί, Συρία, Κιλικία, Μεσοποταμία, τὰ περὶ Φοινίκην καὶ Παλαιστίνην, ̓Ιουδαία, ̓Αραβία, τὸ πειρατικὸν απαν ἐν γῇ καὶ θαλάττῃ καταπεπολεμημένον· ἐν δὲ τούτοις φρούρια μὲν ἡλωκότα χιλίων οὐκ ἐλάττω, πόλεις δὲ οὐ πολὺ τῶν ἐνακοσίων ἀποδέουσαι, πειρατικαὶ δὲ νῆες ὀκτακόσιαι, κατοικίαι δὲ πόλεων μιᾶς δέουσαι τεσσαράκοντα. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις εφραζε διὰ τῶν γραμμάτων οτι πεντακισχίλιαι μὲν μυριάδες ἐκ τῶν τελῶν ὑπῆρχον, ἐκ δὲ ων αὐτὸς προσεκτήσατο μυρίας ὀκτακισχιλίας πεντακοσίας ̔Ρωμαῖοι λαμβάνουσιν, ἀναφέρεται δὲ εἰς τὸ δημόσιον ταμιεῖον ἐν νομίσματι καὶ κατασκευαῖς ἀρ2.353 γυρίου καὶ χρυσίου δισμύρια τάλαντα, πάρεξ τῶν τοῖς στρατιώταις δεδομένων. αἰχμάλωτοι δὲ ἐπομπεύθησαν ανευ τῶν ἀρχιπειρατῶν υἱὸς Τιγράνου τοῦ ̓Αρμενίου μετὰ γυναικὸς καὶ θυγατέρων, αὐτοῦ τε Τιγράνου τοῦ βασιλέως γυνὴ Ζωσίμη καὶ βασιλεὺς ̓Ιουδαίων ̓Αριστόβουλος, καὶ συγγενεῖς Μιθριδάτου, αλλοι τε πλείους. μέγιστον δὲ ὑπῆρξε πρὸς δόξαν αὐτῷ οτι τρὶς τεθριαμβευκώς, τὸν μὲν πρῶτον ἐκ Λιβύης, τὸν δὲ δεύτερον ἐξ Εὐρώπης, τὸν δὲ τελευταῖον ἀπὸ τῆς ̓Ασίας κατάγων, τρόπον τινὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐδόκει τοῖς τρισὶν ἐπῆχθαι θριάμβοις. ην δὲ τότε ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα. Σιτοδείας δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα τὴν ̔Ρώμην καὶ τὰ περὶ αὐτὴν κατασχούσης πλεύσας εἰς Σικελίαν καὶ Σαρδὼ καὶ Λιβύην ηθροισε σῖτον. καὶ ἀνάγεσθαι μέλλων, τῶν κυβερνητῶν ὀκνούντων διὰ πνεύματα βίαια, πρῶτος αὐτὸς ἐμβὰς τὰς ἀγκύρας αιρειν ἐκέλευσε καὶ ἀνεβόησε "πλεῖν ἀνάγκη, ζῆν δὲ οὐκ ἀνάγκη." τοιαύτῃ δὲ τόλμῃ χρώμενος καὶ ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ ἐνέπλησε τὰ ἐμπόρια σίτου, πλοίων δέ γε τὴν θάλασσαν. καὶ ωνητο μὲν αν ἐνταῦθα τοῦ βίου παυσάμενος· ὁ δὲ ἐπέκεινα χρόνος αὐτῷ τὰς μὲν εὐτυχίας ηνεγκεν ἐπιφθόνους, ἀνήκεστα δέ γε τὰ δυστυχήματα. προστεθεὶς γὰρ Καίσαρι, καὶ διὰ τῆς οἰκείας δόξης τε καὶ δυνάμεως ἐξάρας αὐτόν, ὑπ' ἐκείνου ἀνατέτραπτό τε καὶ καταβέβλητο. Ινα δὲ μὴ δὶς τὰ αὐτὰ ἱστορῆται, ἐν τοῖς περὶ Καίσαρος τὰ λοιπὰ τοῦ Πομπηίου εἰρήσεται, τῇ περὶ ἐκείνου συνεμπίπτοντα ἱστορίᾳ. Εὐτυχὴς δὲ ὁ Καῖσαρ ἐν στρατηγίαις γενόμενος 2.354 καὶ πολλοὺς κατωρθωκὼς πολέμους, μνηστευόμενος δ' ἑαυτῷ τὴν ἐκ τοῦ δήμου ῥοπὴν αὐτὸν ἐθεράπευε· καὶ μοναρχίας ἐρῶν, ἐπεὶ ἑώρα τινὰς ἐναντιουμένους αὐτῷ, καὶ μάλιστα τὸν Πομπήιον μέγα τότε δυνάμενον, τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ ἐξ ̓Ιβηρίας ἐπιδεδήμηκεν. ην πρὸ τούτου λαχών, ὡς ταύτης ἐπέβη, ἐπὶ Λυσιτανοὺς καὶ Καλαίκους ἐστράτευσε· καὶ κρατήσας τούτων αχρι τῆς εξω προῆλθε θαλάσσης, τὰ μὴ πρὶν ὑπείκοντα ̔Ρωμαίοις εθνη καταστρεφόμενος. καὶ ἀπηλλάγη τῆς ἐπαρχίας εὐδοκιμῶν αὐτός τε πλούσιος γεγονὼς καὶ τοὺς στρατιώτας ὠφεληκώς. θέλων δ' ἐπὶ τῇ νίκῃ θριαμβεῦσαι, πρὸς αὐτάς τε τὰς ὑπατικὰς ἀφιγμένος ἀρχαιρεσίας, καὶ μνώμενος ἑαυτῷ ὑπατείαν, ἐν ἀντινομίᾳ ἐγένετο. τοὺς μὲν γὰρ θριαμβεύειν μέλλοντας εξω νενόμιστο διατρίβειν τῆς πόλεως, τοὺς δὲ μετιέναι θέλοντας ὑπατείαν δι' ἑαυτῶν τοῦτο πράττειν, τοῖς ἀρχαιρεσιάζουσιν ἐντυγχάνοντας. καταφρονεῖ τοίνυν τοῦ θριάμβου, καὶ παρελθὼν εἰς τὴν πόλιν εἰς ὑπατείαν παρήγγειλε. Τῶν δὲ μέγα δυναμένων ἐν τῇ βουλῇ καὶ ὁ Κράσσος ων, πρὸς ον ὁ Καῖσαρ ᾠκείωτο, ἀντιπολιτευόμενος τῷ Πομπηίῳ ἐτύγχανε. τούτους ὁ Καῖσαρ ἐκ διαφορᾶς εἰς φιλίαν μετήνεγκε, καὶ ὑπ' ἀμφοῖν ωσπερ δορυφορούμενος εἰς ὑπατείαν προήχθη· καὶ αὐτίκα νόμους εἰσέφερε δι' ων ᾠκειοῦτο τὸν δῆμον. ετι δὲ τὴν Πομπηίου ἰσχὺν ὁ Καῖσαρ ἑαυτῷ προσάπτων, τὴν οἰκείαν θυγατέρα ̓Ιουλίαν αὐτῷ κατηγγύησε. γήμας ουν αὐτὴν ὁ Πομπήιος οπλων τὴν ἀγορὰν αὐτίκα