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have in mind Magnus Pompey?" 2.365 And when that one said that he was a freedman, "But not to you alone," he said, "will this noble deed belong, but receive me also as a partner in a pious discovery, to touch and to lay out with my own hands the greatest general of the Romans." Thus Pompey was buried; and not much later Caesar, having come to Egypt, turned away from the one presenting Pompey's head as from a murderer, but having received the man's signet-ring, he wept, and he killed Achillas and Pothinus. But King Ptolemy himself, having been defeated in a battle by the river, disappeared. But Theodotus the sophist escaped punishment from Caesar by leaving Egypt and living humbly and being hated, but having fallen in with Marcus Brutus, the one who killed Caesar, in Asia, and having been tortured with every kind of torment by him, was put to death. As for as many of Pompey's friends as had been captured by the ruler of Egypt, Caesar benefited them all and won them over. And there he engaged in a war, and he secretly summoned Cleopatra from the countryside, she having already been driven out of the kingdom and the city by the eunuch Pothinus. She, embarking on a small boat with only Apollodorus the Sicilian, landed at the palace, and getting inside a bedding-sack, stretched herself out at full length, and Apollodorus, tying the bedding-sack with a strap, carried it in through the doors to Caesar. and because of this trick, she appearing bold, and overcome by her other conversation and charm, he reconciled her with her brother on the condition that she would rule with him. 2.366 While they were feasting over the reconciliation, Caesar, having discovered a plot being contrived by Achillas the general and Pothinus the eunuch, killed Pothinus, but Achillas, fleeing to the camp, raised a grievous war against him. when Caesar set fire to the fleet, and the great library was burned. And when the battle was joined, he leaped down from the mole into a small boat, and with the Egyptians sailing against him from all directions, he threw himself into the sea and swam away with difficulty. at which time it is said that while swimming he did not let go of many papers he was holding, but held them up above the sea with his other hand, and this while being shot at. Finally, with the king having departed to the enemy, he attacked and joining battle was victorious, with many falling and the king disappearing. And having left Cleopatra as queen of Egypt, who a little later bore him a son, whom the Alexandrians called Caesarion, he set out for Syria. And having made war on Pharnaces, the son of Mithridates, he drove him out of Pontus, and utterly destroyed his army. And indicating the speed and swiftness of this battle, he wrote three words to Rome: "I came, I saw, I conquered." From there he went to Italy and was on his way up to Rome, the year in which he had been chosen dictator for the second time ending, this office never before having been for a year; and for the following year he was appointed consul. And with Cato and Scipio and their followers having fled to Libya after the battle at Pharsalus and having gathered considerable forces, Caesar marched 2.367 against them; and in a small part of a single day he took three camps, and having slain fifty thousand of the enemy, he lost not even fifty of his own men. Of the men of consular and praetorian rank who had fled from the battle, some killed themselves on being captured, and Caesar killed many who were taken. And when Cato had done away with himself, he was clearly vexed; but for what reason he was grieved is unclear; at any rate he said, "O Cato, I begrudge you your death; for you also begrudged me your salvation." But in any case, having returned to Rome from Libya, he celebrated triumphs and held spectacles of naval battles and gladiators. And when a census was taken, instead of the former three hundred and twenty thousand, a total of one hundred and fifty thousand were found to have survived; so great a destruction of the people the civil war had wrought. Then having been chosen consul for the fourth time, he marched into Iberia against the sons of Pompey, who were still young men,

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διανοῇ Μάγνον Πομπήιον;" 2.365 ἐκείνου δὲ φήσαντος ὡς ἀπελεύθερος, "ἀλλ' οὐ μόνῳ σοί" εφη "τοῦτο τὸ καλὸν ὑπάρξει, κἀμὲ δὲ ωσπερ εὑρήματος εὐσεβοῦς δέξαι κοινωνόν, αψασθαι καὶ περιστεῖλαι ταῖς ἐμαῖς χερσὶ τὸν μέγιστον αὐτοκράτορα ̔Ρωμαίων." Ουτω μὲν ἐκηδεύθη Πομπήιος· οὐ πολλῷ δ' υστερον Καῖσαρ ἐλθὼν εἰς Αιγυπτον τὸν μὲν προσφέροντα τὴν κεφαλὴν Πομπηίου ὡς παλαμναῖον ἀπεστράφη, τὴν δὲ σφραγῖδα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς δεξάμενος ἐδάκρυσεν, ̓Αχιλλᾶν δὲ καὶ Ποθεινὸν εκτεινεν. αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς Πτολεμαῖος μάχῃ λειφθεὶς παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν ἠφανίσθη. Θεόδοτος δὲ ὁ σοφιστὴς τὴν μὲν ἐκ Καίσαρος δίκην διέφυγεν ὑπεξελθὼν Αιγυπτον καὶ ταπεινὰ πράττων καὶ μισούμενος, Βρούτῳ δὲ Μάρκῳ τῷ Καίσαρα κτείναντι περιπεσὼν ἐν ̓Ασίᾳ καὶ πᾶσαν αἰκίαν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ αἰκισθεὶς ἀπεκτάνθη. οσοι δὲ τῶν Πομπηίου φίλων ἑαλώκεσαν ὑπὸ τοῦ τῆς Αἰγύπτου κρατοῦντος, πάντας εὐηργέτησεν ὁ Καῖσαρ καὶ προσηγάγετο. Κἀκεῖ δὲ πόλεμον συνεστήσατο, καὶ κρύφα τὴν Κλεοπάτραν ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας μετεπέμπετο, ἐκβληθεῖσαν ηδη τῆς βασιλείας τε καὶ τῆς πόλεως παρὰ τοῦ εὐνούχου Ποθεινοῦ. η σὺν μόνῳ τῷ Σικελιώτῃ ̓Απολλοδώρῳ εἰς ἀκάτιον μικρὸν ἐμβᾶσα τοῖς βασιλείοις προσέσχε, καὶ εἰς στρωματόδεσμον ἐνδῦσα προτείνει μακρὰν ἑαυτήν, ὁ δὲ ̓Απολλόδωρος ἱμάντι συνδήσας τὸ στρωματόδεσμον εἰσκομίζει διὰ θυρῶν πρὸς τὸν Καίσαρα. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὸ τέχνημα λαμυρᾶς φανείσης, καὶ τῆς αλλης ὁμιλίας καὶ χάριτος αὐτῆς ἡττηθείς, διήλλαξε πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν ὡς συμβασιλεύσουσαν. 2.366 ̔Εστιωμένων δ' ἐπὶ ταῖς διαλλαγαῖς, ἐπιβουλὴν φωράσας ὁ Καῖσαρ τυρευομένην ὑπ' ̓Αχιλλᾶ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ καὶ Ποθεινοῦ τοῦ εὐνούχου, τὸν μὲν Ποθεινὸν ἀνεῖλεν, ̓Αχιλλᾶς δὲ φυγὼν εἰς τὸ στρατόπεδον βαρὺν αὐτῷ περιίστησι πόλεμον. οτε πῦρ ἐμβαλόντος Καίσαρος τῷ στόλῳ καὶ ἡ μεγάλη βιβλιοθήκη ἐμπέπρηστο. μάχης δὲ συνεστώσης κατεπήδησε μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ χώματος εἰς ἀκάτιον, ἐπιπλεόντων δὲ πολλαχόθεν αὐτῷ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ῥίψας ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν ἀπενήξατο μόλις. οτε λέγεται καὶ βιβλίδια κρατῶν πολλὰ μὴ προέσθαι νηχόμενος, ἀλλ' ἀνέχειν αὐτὰ ὑπὲρ τῆς θαλάσσης τῇ ἑτέρᾳ χειρί, καὶ ταῦτα βαλλόμενος. τέλος δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους ἀποχωρήσαντος, ἐπελθὼν καὶ συνάψας μάχην ἐνίκησε, πολλῶν πεσόντων καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως ἀφανοῦς γενομένου. Καταλιπὼν δὲ τὴν Κλεοπάτραν βασιλεύουσαν Αἰγύπτου καὶ μικρὸν υστερον ἐξ αὐτοῦ τεκοῦσαν υἱόν, ον ̓Αλεξανδρεῖς Καισαρίωνα προσηγόρευον, ωρμησεν ἐπὶ Συρίαν. καὶ Φαρνάκῃ τῷ Μιθριδάτου παιδὶ πολεμήσας αὐτὸν μὲν τοῦ Πόντου ἐξέβαλε, τὴν δὲ στρατιὰν αρδην ἀνεῖλε. καὶ τῆς μάχης ταύτης τὸ τάχος καὶ τὴν ὀξύτητα δηλῶν εἰς ̔Ρώμην εγραψε τρεῖς λέξεις "ηλθον ειδον ἐνίκησα." ἐντεῦθεν εἰς ̓Ιταλίαν ἀπελθὼν εἰς ̔Ρώμην ἀνέβαινε, τοῦ μὲν ἐνιαυτοῦ καταστρέφοντος εἰς ον ῃρητο δικτάτωρ τὸ δεύτερον, οὐδέποτε πρότερον τῆς ἀρχῆς ταύτης γενομένης ἐνιαυσίου· εἰς δὲ τὸ ἐπιὸν ετος υπατος ἀνεδείχθη. Τῶν δὲ περὶ Κάτωνα καὶ Σκιπίωνα μετὰ τὴν ἐν Φαρσάλῳ μάχην εἰς Λιβύην φυγόντων καὶ δυνάμεις ἠθροικότων ἀξιολόγους, ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ὁ Καῖσαρ ἐστρά2.367 τευσε· καὶ μικρῷ μέρει μιᾶς ἡμέρας τριῶν στρατοπέδων ἐκράτησε, καὶ πεντακισμυρίους τῶν πολεμίων ἀνῃρηκὼς οὐδὲ πεντήκοντα τῶν ἰδίων ἀπέβαλε. τῶν δὲ πεφευγότων ἐκ τῆς μάχης ὑπατικῶν καὶ στρατηγικῶν ἀνδρῶν οἱ μὲν ἑαυτοὺς διέφθειραν ἁλισκόμενοι, συχνοὺς δὲ Καῖσαρ εκτεινεν ἁλόντας. Κάτωνος δὲ ἑαυτὸν διεργασαμένου δῆλος ην δηχθείς· ου δ' ενεκα λελύπητο αδηλον· ειπε δ' ουν "ω Κάτων, φθονῶ σοι τοῦ θανάτου· καὶ γὰρ σύ μοι τῆς σωτηρίας ἐφθόνησας." ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἐπανελθὼν εἰς ̔Ρώμην ἀπὸ Λιβύης θριάμβους κατήγαγε καὶ θέας ἐτέλεσε ναυμάχων καὶ μονομάχων ἀνδρῶν. τιμήσεων δὲ γενομένων ἀντὶ τῶν προτέρων δυεῖν καὶ τριάκοντα μυριάδων αἱ πᾶσαι πεντεκαίδεκα περισωθεῖσαι εὑρέθησαν· τηλικαύτην φθορὰν τοῦ δήμου ὁ ἐμφύλιος εἰργάσατο πόλεμος. Ειτα υπατος τὸ τέταρτον αἱρεθεὶς εἰς ̓Ιβηρίαν ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τοὺς Πομπηίου υἱούς, νέους μὲν οντας ετι,