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slaughtered. And during the day she begged her husband not to go forth to the senate. And when the seers, having made sacrifice, said the omens were bad, he decided to send Antony to dismiss the senate. Brutus Albinus, however, though trusted by Caesar, was a participant in the conspiracy with Marcus Brutus and Cassius, and he mocked the seers and reproached Caesar for bringing upon himself accusations of contempt for the senate. For it had come at his command, and all were ready to vote that he be proclaimed king of the provinces outside of Italy and that, attacking the rest of the land and sea, he should place the diadem upon himself. Saying these things, Brutus led Caesar, taking him by the hand. But a certain slave of another man, being eager to meet him as he was leaving but being unable to, gave himself over to Caesar's wife to be kept, saying that he had great matters to report to Caesar upon his return. And a certain sophist, Artemidorus of Cnidus, having written a small book about the conspiracy and approaching him said, "Read this, Caesar, alone and quickly; for it will report great and important matters to you." He, having received it, tried to read it, but being unable to because of those meeting him, he held it in his hand, and so he went on to the senate. And it rose in deference. Of those around Brutus, some stood around behind his chair, and others met him as if petitioning concerning some 2.371 exile. But Brutus Albinus detained Antony, who was loyal to Caesar and strong, outside. And as Caesar sat down and was pushing aside the petitions, he was struck on the neck with a sword by Casca first, a blow that was not fatal. And when each of the conspirators had drawn his sword, it is said that he fought back against the others, wrapping himself up and crying out, but when he saw Brutus had drawn his sword, he drew his toga over his head, no longer fighting back. Having received twenty-three wounds, however, with a statue of Pompey being there, he was found lying at its base and having bloodied it, so that Pompey seemed to stand over the murder of his enemy. Thus then Gaius Julius Caesar perished from love of honor and love of power. For those who flattered him, understanding his love of being first and love of glory, did not cease but kept voting him one honor after another. And the things voted were of this sort: that he should always wear triumphal dress, and sit on the magistrate's chair, and always employ lictors carrying laurel, and that he should be named father of his country, and be engraved on the coinage, and that his birthday be celebrated publicly, and that statues of him be set up in the temples of Rome and in all the cities. And upon the Rostra they set up two statues of him, one as the savior of the citizens, the other as the one who rescued the city from siege; and both were crowned with the wreaths customary for such things. And they ordered a new senate-house to be built, so that it might be called Julian 2.372 after his name. And they voted that he should be censor for life and alone, and that he should have the privileges of the tribunes; and if anyone should insult him in word or deed, they decreed that he should be sacrosanct and be subject to the curse. What being sacrosanct was considered has already been related by me. And seeing him rejoicing in these things, they gave him a gilded chair and a robe such as the kings of old had used and a guard from the equestrians and from the senators, and they legislated that public prayers be made for him and that they swear by his Fortune and that all things done by him should be valid, and they addressed him as Jupiter Julius, and many other things they voted for him, so that we might not weary the listener by enumerating each one. From which things he seemed enviable or rather worthy of retribution, and he stirred up many against himself, until he came to the end that befell him. And so he lay slaughtered, but all those present there were thrown into confusion, not knowing the intention of the assassins, and fled as if they were about to be in danger themselves, and the

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κατεσφαγμένον. η καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν ἐδεῖτο τοῦ ἀνδρὸς μὴ προελθεῖν εἰς τὴν σύγκλητον. ὡς δὲ καὶ θύσαντες οἱ μάντεις δυσιερεῖν ελεγον, εγνω πέμψας ̓Αντώνιον ἀφεῖναι τὴν σύγκλητον. Βροῦτος μέντοι ̓Αλβῖνος, πιστευόμενος μὲν ὑπὸ Καίσαρος, τοῖς δὲ περὶ Μάρκον Βροῦτον καὶ Κάσσιον μετέχων τῆς συνωμοσίας, τούς τε μάντεις ἐχλεύαζε καὶ καθήπτετο Καίσαρος ὡς διαβολὰς ἑαυτῷ προστρίβοντος καταφρονήσεως πρὸς τὴν σύγκλητον. ηκειν γὰρ αὐτὴν ἐκείνου κελεύσαντος, καὶ πάντας ἑτοίμους ειναι ψηφίζεσθαι ωστε τῶν ἐκτὸς ̓Ιταλίας ἐπαρχιῶν ἀναγορεύεσθαι βασιλέα καὶ τὴν αλλην ἐπιόντα γῆν τε καὶ θάλασσαν ἑαυτῷ περιτιθέναι διάδημα. ταῦθ' αμα λέγων ὁ Βροῦτος ηγε τὸν Καίσαρα λαβόμενος τῆς χειρός. οἰκέτης δέ τις ἀλλότριος ἐντυχεῖν αὐτῷ προθυμούμενος ἀπιόντι μὴ δυνηθεὶς παρέδωκεν ἑαυτὸν τῇ τοῦ Καίσαρος γυναικὶ φυλάττειν, εἰπὼν εχειν μεγάλα πράγματα ἐπανιόντι καταγγεῖλαι τῷ Καίσαρι. σοφιστὴς δέ τις ̓Αρτεμίδωρος Κνίδιος βιβλίον περὶ τῆς συνωμοσίας γράψας καὶ ἐγγίσας αὐτῷ "τοῦτο" εφη "Καῖσαρ μόνος καὶ ταχέως ἀνάγνωθι· μεγάλα γάρ σοι καταγγελεῖ καί σοι διαφέροντα." ο δεξάμενος ἐκεῖνος ωρμησε μὲν ἀναγνῶναι, μὴ μέντοι δυνηθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ἐντυγχανόντων, κατεῖχε τῇ χειρί, καὶ παρῆλθεν ουτω πρὸς τὴν σύγκλητον. ἡ δὲ ὑπεξανέστη. τῶν δὲ περὶ Βροῦτον οἱ μὲν ἐξόπισθεν τοῦ δίφρου αὐτοῦ περιέστησαν, οἱ δὲ ἀπήντησαν ὡς περί τινος 2.371 φυγάδος δεόμενοι. τὸν δὲ ̓Αντώνιον πιστὸν οντα Καίσαρι καὶ ῥωμαλέον εξω παρακατεῖχε Βροῦτος ̓Αλβῖνος. ὡς δὲ καθίσας ὁ Καῖσαρ διεκρούετο τὰς δεήσεις, ξίφει παρὰ τοῦ Κάσκα πρώτου πλήττεται τὸν αὐχένα, πληγὴν οὐ θανατηφόρον. ὡς δὲ καὶ τῶν συνωμοτῶν εκαστος τὸ ξίφος ἐγύμνωσε, λέγεται πρὸς μὲν τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀπομάχεσθαι ἐνειλούμενος καὶ κεκραγώς, οτε δὲ καὶ Βροῦτον ειδεν ἐσπασμένον τὸ ξίφος, ἐφελκύσασθαι κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς τὸ ἱμάτιον μηκέτι ἀπομαχόμενος. εικοσι μέντοι καὶ τρία λαβὼν τραύματα, ἀνδριάντος οντος ἐκεῖ Πομπηίου, περὶ τὴν βάσιν εὑρέθη κείμενος καὶ καθαιμάξας αὐτόν, ὡς δοκεῖν αὐτὸν ἐφεστάναι τῷ φόνῳ τοῦ πολεμίου Πομπήιον. ̔Ο μὲν ουν Γάιος ̓Ιούλιος Καῖσαρ ουτως ὑπὸ φιλοτιμίας καὶ φιλαρχίας ἀπώλετο. οἱ γὰρ θωπεύοντες αὐτὸν τὸ φιλόπρωτον αὐτοῦ καὶ φιλόδοξον κατανοοῦντες οὐκ ἐπαύοντο αλλα ἐπ' αλλοις αὐτῷ ψηφιζόμενοι. ησαν δὲ τοιαῦτα τὰ ψηφιζόμενα, τὴν ἐπινίκιον στολὴν ἀεὶ φορεῖν, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀρχικοῦ δίφρου καθέζεσθαι, τοῖς τε ῥαβδούχοις δαφνηφοροῦσιν ἀεὶ κεχρῆσθαι, πατέρα τε αὐτὸν τῆς πατρίδος ἐπονομάζεσθαι, καὶ ἐς τὸ νόμισμα ἐγχαράττεσθαι, δημοσίᾳ τε ἑορτάζειν αὐτοῦ τὰ γενέθλια, ἐν τοῖς ναοῖς τε τῆς ̔Ρώμης καὶ ἐν πάσαις ταῖς πόλεσιν ἀνδριάντας αὐτοῦ ιστασθαι. ἐπὶ δέ γε τοῦ βήματος δύο αὐτοῦ ἀνδριάντας ἱδρύσαντο, τὸν μὲν ὡς τοὺς πολίτας σεσωκότος, τὸν δ' ὡς ἐκ πολιορκίας ῥυσαμένου τὴν πόλιν· ἐστεφάνωντο δὲ καὶ αμφω στεφάνοις τοῖς ἐπὶ τοιούτοις νενομισμένοις. βουλευτήριόν τε καινὸν οἰκοδομηθῆναι ἐπέταξαν, ιν' ̓Ιουλιανὸν 2.372 ἐπὶ τῷ αὐτοῦ κληθείη ὀνόματι. τιμητήν τε καὶ διὰ βίου καὶ μόνον αὐτὸν ἐψηφίσαντο ειναι, εχειν δὲ καὶ τὰ τῶν δημάρχων προνόμια· καὶ ει τις αὐτὸν εργῳ η λόγῳ ὑβρίσειεν, ἱερὸν ειναι ἐθέσπισαν καὶ τῷ αγει ἐνέχεσθαι. τί δὲ τὸ ἱερὸν ειναι νενόμιστο ηδη μοι προαφήγηται. χαίροντα δὲ τούτοις ὁρῶντες αὐτόν, ἐπίχρυσόν τε δίφρον αὐτῷ εδοσαν καὶ στολὴν ῃπερ οἱ βασιλεῖς πάλαι ἐκέχρηντο καὶ φρουρὰν ἐκ τῶν ἱππέων καὶ ἐκ τῶν βουλευτῶν, ευχεσθαί τε δημοσίᾳ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν τύχην αὐτοῦ ὀμνύναι καὶ τὰ πραχθησόμενα παρ' αὐτοῦ πάντα κύρια τυγχάνειν ἐνομοθέτησαν, ∆ία τε αὐτὸν ̓Ιούλιον προσηγόρευσαν, καὶ αλλα πλείονα, ινα μὴ τὸ καθ' εκαστον ἀπαριθμοῦντες τὸν ἀκροατὴν ἀποκναίωμεν, αὐτῷ ἐψηφίσαντο. ἐξ ων ἐπίφθονος εδοξεν η μᾶλλον νεμεσητός, καὶ καθ' ἑαυτοῦ πολλοὺς διηρέθισε, μέχρις αν εἰς τὸ ἐπελθὸν αὐτῷ κατηντήκει τέλος. Καὶ ὁ μὲν ουτω σφαγεὶς εκειτο, οἱ δὲ ἐκεῖ παρόντες απαντες ἐταράττοντο, τὴν τῶν σφαγέων ἀγνοοῦντες διάνοιαν, καὶ ὡς αὐτίκα κινδυνεύσοντες εφευγον, καὶ τοὺς