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having fought; for he remained on guard of the camp, while Hirtius rushed against Antony. Thus then Antony was defeated; and Titus Munatius Plancus, being one of Antony's men and fighting against Pontius Aquila, the legate of Decimus, was defeated. And from that point Antony's soldiers were not disposed toward him as they had been before, and some of the peoples previously attached to him were in revolt. But he for a time was dismayed and kept quiet, but when some force from Lepidus came to him, he took courage and made a sudden sortie; but when great slaughter occurred on both sides, he was routed and fled. But the senate, on learning what had happened, rejoiced at Antony's defeat, declared all those who had been arrayed with him to be enemies, and confiscated their property and his. But they did not deem Caesar worthy of any great thing and they attempted to get rid of him, giving to Decimus all that he had hoped to receive. And so that he might not be able to do any harm, they voted his enemies into magistracies, assigning the fleet to Sextus Pompeius, and Macedonia to Marcus Brutus, 2.381 and entrusting Syria and the war against Dolabella to Cassius. And contriving to set Caesar's soldiers against each other, they praised some and gave them money and crowns of olive leaves, but to others they voted nothing. But even so they were of one mind, Caesar leading them to this. Therefore, when those in the city learned this, they became afraid, and while they did not appoint him consul even so, they did vote him other honors. But when he held these in no account, they voted him first praetor and after this also consul. And so they seemed to be handling Caesar as a child and as a youth, which they were also rumored to be saying; but he, being terribly indignant both for the other things and because he heard he was called a child, turned to arms, and he sent a secret embassy to Antony, and he gathered together those who had escaped from the battle, whom the senate had voted to be enemies, and in their presence he accused the senate and the people. Those in power for a time made light of these things, but when they learned that Antony and Lepidus had come to an agreement, they began to court Caesar, and they assigned to him the war against them, not knowing of the communications he had made with Antony. And he accepted the war, trying to be appointed consul on account of it, for the consulship was very much desired by him, and having taken on the battle, he was preparing as if to fight, but he secretly prepared his soldiers to swear, supposedly on their own initiative, not to fight against any of the armies that had been Caesar's. This meant not to be arrayed against either Antony or Lepidus; for a great many of their men 2.382 had served with them from among those armies. Therefore, for this reason, he sent out four hundred ambassadors from among the soldiers themselves to the senate; and this was the pretense of an embassy, but the whole thing was a demand for what had been voted to them and an effort for Caesar to be appointed consul. But when they postponed their reply, the soldiers grew angry; and one of them, coming out of the senate-house and taking up his sword (for they had been ordered to enter unarmed), said, "If you do not give the consulship to Caesar, this will give it." Caesar, however, made it a complaint that on entering the council they had been forced to lay aside their weapons, and that someone had inquired whether they had been sent by the legions or by Caesar, and he hastily summoned Antony and Lepidus, and he himself marched on Rome with his soldiers, as if perhaps he had been forced by them. And they killed some of the equestrians, on the grounds that they were their spies. And the members of the senate, learning of their approach, sent them the money before they had yet drawn near, and they voted Caesar consul. But the soldiers, knowing that they had done these things out of necessity, both intimidated them and became bold. In response to this, the senate, changing its mind, forbade the army to approach the city, and to the

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μαχεσαμένου· ἐπὶ γὰρ τῇ τοῦ στρατοπέδου κατέμεινε φυλακῇ, τοῦ ̔Ιρτίου κατὰ τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου ὁρμήσαντος. Ουτω μὲν ουν ὁ ̓Αντώνιος ηττητο· καὶ Τίτος δὲ Μουνάτιος Πλάγκος, τῶν ̓Αντωνίου ων καὶ Ποντίῳ ̓Ακύλᾳ τῷ ∆εκίμῳ ὑποστρατηγοῦντι προσπολεμῶν, ἐνικήθη. κἀντεῦθεν οι τε τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου στρατιῶται οὐχ ὡς πρῴην διέκειντο πρὸς αὐτόν, καί τινες τῶν αὐτῷ προσκειμένων δήμων πρότερον ἐστασίαζον. ὁ δὲ τέως μὲν κατεπέπληκτο καὶ ἡσύχαζεν, ὡς δέ τις ἐκ τοῦ Λεπίδου δύναμις αὐτῷ παρεγένετο, ἀνεθάρσησεν καὶ αἰφνιδίαν ἐπεκδρομὴν ἐποιήσατο· φόνου δὲ ἐξ ἀμφοῖν τῶν στρατευμάτων γενομένου πολλοῦ τραπεὶς εφυγεν. ἡ δὲ γερουσία τὰ πραχθέντα μαθοῦσα, τῇ μὲν ηττῃ τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου εχαιρε, τοὺς δὲ αὐτῷ συνεξετασθέντας πολεμίους πάντας ἀπέφηνε, καὶ τὰς οὐσίας αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν ἐκείνου ἀφείλετο. τὸν δὲ Καίσαρα ουτε τινὸς μεγάλου ἠξίωσαν καὶ καταλύειν προσεπεχείρησαν, πάντα οσα ἐκεῖνος ηλπιζε λήψεσθαι τῷ ∆εκίμῳ δόντες. ινα δὲ μὴ δυνηθῇ τι δρᾶσαι κακόν, τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτῷ ἐς ἀρχὰς ἐψηφίσαντο, τῷ μὲν Πομπηίῳ Σέξτῳ τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀναθέμενοι, τῷ δὲ Βρούτῳ τῷ Μάρκῳ τὴν Μακεδονίαν, 2.381 Κασσίῳ δὲ τὴν Συρίαν καὶ τὸν πρὸς ∆ολοβέλλαν πόλεμον ἐπιτρέψαντες. τοὺς δὲ τοῦ Καίσαρος στρατιώτας συγκρούσειν ἀλλήλοις αὐτοὺς μηχανώμενοι τοὺς μὲν ἐπῄνεσαν καὶ χρήματα καὶ στεφάνους αὐτοῖς παρέσχον ἐξ ἐλαιῶν, τοῖς δ' οὐδὲν ἐψηφίσαντο. ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι καὶ ουτως ὡμονόουν, τοῦ Καίσαρος αὐτοὺς πρὸς τοῦτο ἐνάγοντος. μαθόντες ουν οἱ ἐν τῇ πόλει ταῦτα, καὶ φοβηθέντες, υπατον μὲν αὐτὸν οὐδ' ουτως ἀπέδειξαν, αλλας δέ οἱ τιμὰς ἐψηφίσαντο. ὡς δ' ἐν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ ταύτας εσχε, στρατηγὸν τὸ πρῶτον καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο καὶ υπατον ἐψηφίσαντο. Καὶ οἱ μὲν ουτω τὸν Καίσαρα ἐδόκουν μεταχειρίζεσθαι ὡς παῖδα καὶ ὡς μειράκιον, απερ καὶ διεθρύλουν· ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἐπί τε τοῖς αλλοις καὶ οτι παῖς ηκουε δεινῶς ἀγανακτῶν ἐπὶ τὰ οπλα ἐτράπετο, καὶ πρός τε τὸν ̓Αντώνιον λάθρᾳ διεκηρυκεύσατο, καὶ τοὺς διαφυγόντας ἐκ τῆς μάχης, ους πολεμίους ἡ βουλὴ ἐψηφίσατο, συνήθροιζε, καὶ κατηγόρει παρ' αὐτοῖς τῆς γερουσίας τε καὶ τοῦ δήμου. ταῦτα δὲ οἱ ἐν τέλει τέως μὲν ἐν ὀλιγωρίᾳ πεποίηντο, ἐπεὶ δὲ συμπεφρονηκότας εμαθον τὸν ̓Αντώνιον καὶ τὸν Λέπιδον, θεραπεύειν τὸν Καίσαρα ηρξαντο, καὶ τὸν πρὸς ἐκείνους αὐτῷ ἀνέθεντο πόλεμον, ἀγνοοῦντες τοὺς λόγους ους ἐπεποιήκει πρὸς τὸν ̓Αντώνιον. ὁ δὲ τὸν πόλεμον ὑπεδέξατο, υπατος δι' αὐτὸν ἀποδειχθῆναι πειρώμενος, πάνυ γὰρ ην αὐτῷ ἡ ὑπατεία δι' ερωτος, καὶ τὴν μάχην ἀναδεξάμενος ἡτοιμάζετο μὲν ὡς πολεμήσων, τοὺς στρατιώτας δὲ λάθρᾳ παρεσκεύασεν ὀμόσαι δῆθεν ἀφ' ἑαυτῶν πρὸς μηδὲν τῶν στρατοπέδων μαχέσασθαι τῶν ἐκείνου γενομένων τοῦ Καίσαρος. τοῦτο δ' ην μήτε πρὸς ̓Αντώνιον μήτε πρὸς Λέπιδον ἀντιτάξασθαι· πλεῖστοι γὰρ αὐ2.382 τοῖς ἐξ ἐκείνων συνεστρατεύοντο. πρέσβεις ουν διὰ τοῦτο πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν στρατιωτῶν τετρακοσίους ἐκπέπομφε· τοῦτο δὲ σκηνὴ μὲν ην πρεσβείας, τὸ δὲ πᾶν τῶν ἐψηφισμένων αὐτοῖς εισπραξις καὶ σπουδὴ τοῦ ἀποδειχθῆναι τὸν Καίσαρα υπατον. ἀναβαλλομένων δὲ αὐτῶν τὴν ἀπόκρισιν οἱ στρατιῶται ὠργίζοντο· εις δέ τις αὐτῶν ἐξελθὼν τοῦ βουλευτηρίου καὶ τὸ ξίφος λαβών, αοπλοι γὰρ εἰσελθεῖν ἐκελεύσθησαν, ειπεν "αν ὑμεῖς τὴν ὑπατείαν μὴ δοίητε Καίσαρι, τοῦτο δώσει." ὁ Καῖσαρ μέντοι, οτι εἰς τὸ συνέδριον εἰσιόντες ἠναγκάσθησαν ἀποθέσθαι τὰ οπλα, καὶ οτι ἐπύθετό τις πότερον παρὰ τῶν στρατοπέδων ἐπέμφθησαν η πρὸς τοῦ Καίσαρος, εγκλημα ἐποιεῖτο, καὶ τὸν ̓Αντώνιον καὶ τὸν Λέπιδον σπουδῇ μετεπέμψατο, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ̔Ρώμην μετὰ τῶν στρατιωτῶν, ὡς ὑπ' αὐτῶν τάχα ἐκβιασθείς, ωρμησε. καί τινας τῶν ἱππέων ἀπέκτειναν, ὡς κατασκόπους αὐτῶν. οἱ δὲ τῆς βουλῆς τὴν εφοδον γνόντες αὐτῶν, τά τε χρήματα αὐτοῖς μήπω πλησιάσασιν επεμψαν καὶ υπατον τὸν Καίσαρα ἐψηφίσαντο. ἀλλ' οἱ στρατιῶται ἀνάγκῃ ταῦτα πράξαντας εἰδότες αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐξεφόβουν καὶ ἐθρασύνοντο. πρὸς δὲ ταῦτα ἡ γερουσία μεταβαλλομένη ἀπηγόρευσε τῇ στρατιᾷ πλησιάσαι τῇ πόλει, καὶ τοῖς