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they commanded [him to go] there. And from then on he himself became more eager, and his subordinates obeyed without excuse. But when Caesar both held absolute power in Rome and was openly punishing his father's murderers, he considered how he might defend himself against his advance, and he repelled certain plots made against him by some people. And he withdrew into upper Macedonia, having the strongest part of the army, and from there he sailed to Asia, so that the soldiers, upon learning of the events in Rome reported in a more frightening way, would not change their allegiance. Then he hastened back to Europe, fearing some revolutionary movement. At the same time Cassius also crossed over to Asia to Trebonius, and having received from him money and numerous cavalry and many others from the Cilicians and the Asians, he brought the Tarsians, even against their will, into an alliance. And coming into Syria, he won over without a fight all the cities and the armies. Therefore, having taken over Syria, he set out for Judaea, having learned that the soldiers left in 2.391 Egypt by Caesar were approaching. He therefore won over both them and the Jews readily. Thus indeed Cassius quickly became powerful, and he sent a message to the senate similar to Brutus's; and the senate confirmed for him the governorship of Syria and voted for the war against Dolabella. For this man had been appointed to rule Syria, but while lingering in Asia he had learned of the decree, and he did not depart for Syria, but remaining there he killed Trebonius by treachery in Smyrna and seized all of Asia. And thus having become master of Asia he came to Cilicia, while Cassius was in Palestine, and taking the Tarsians as volunteers, he defeated Cassius's garrison which was in Aegae; and he invaded Syria, and was repulsed from Antioch, but won over Laodicea. And the fleet came over to him; and from there, having gained strength, he departed for Aradus, where, having been left with a few men, he was in danger. Therefore, having escaped, he met Cassius, and joining battle with him he was defeated, and was besieged in Laodicea. Compelled by lack of provisions, and fearing he might be taken alive, he killed himself. His lieutenant, Marcus Octavius, did the same. And Cassius, when he had settled affairs in Syria and Cilicia, came to Asia to Brutus. For when they learned of the conspiracy of the three men, knowing that they were doing everything against them, they too with greater eagerness consulted and acted on all matters jointly. And they themselves, going about and sending out others, won over those who did not agree with those men 2.392, and gathered money and soldiers, and when some were not persuaded to ally with them, they turned against them. And Cassius defeated the Rhodians in a naval battle and took away their ships and their money, and after this he also arrested and killed Ariobarzanes; but Brutus conquered the Lycians, and won over most of the cities without a fight, but he put Xanthus under siege, and captured and burned it. Then he came to Patara, and summoned them as friends; but when they did not obey, he sent the Xanthian prisoners, who were their relatives, hoping to win them over through them. But they did not yield even so. Therefore, having sold some of the prisoners, he freed the rest. And seeing this, the Patareans immediately joined him as a man of virtue. And the Myreans also did this, when he captured their general at the harbor and released him. And he subdued the other places in a short time. From there both came into Asia, and were hastening to Macedonia. But Gaius Norbanus and Decidius Saxa were sent to Macedonia by Caesar and Antony, and having encamped near Philippi they occupied the direct route beforehand. For this reason Brutus and Cassius went around by another, longer route, and having forced their way past the garrison there, toward the city over the high ground

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ἐκεῖσε ἐκέλευσαν. κἀντεῦθεν αὐτός τε γέγονε προθυμότερος καὶ ὑπεῖκον ἀπροφασίστως εσχηκε τὸ ὑπήκοον. ἐπεὶ δ' ὁ Καῖσαρ ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ τε ἐνηυθέντησε καὶ τοὺς τοῦ πατρὸς ἐτιμωρεῖτο σφαγεῖς φανερῶς, ἐσκόπει οπῃ αὐτὸν ἐπιόντα ἀμύναιτο, καί τινας ἐπιβουλὰς πρός τινων αὐτῷ γενομένας ἀπεκρούσατο. καὶ ἐς τὴν ανω Μακεδονίαν ἀνεχώρησεν, εχων τὸ ἰσχυρότατον τοῦ στρατοῦ, κἀκεῖθεν εἰς τὴν ̓Ασίαν επλευσεν, ινα μὴ τὰ ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ πραττόμενα ἐπὶ τὸ φοβερώτερον ἀγγελλόμενα μαθόντες οἱ στρατιῶται μεταβάλωνται. ειτ' αυθις εἰς τὴν Εὐρώπην ἠπείχθη, δείσας μή τι νεωτερισθῇ. Κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ καιρὸν καὶ ὁ Κάσσιος εἰς τὴν ̓Ασίαν ἐπεραιώθη πρὸς τὸν Τρεβώνιον, καὶ λαβὼν παρ' αὐτοῦ χρήματα καὶ ἱππέας συχνοὺς καὶ ἑτέρους πολλοὺς τῶν τε Κιλίκων καὶ τῶν ̓Ασιανῶν, τοὺς Ταρσέας καὶ ακοντας εἰς τὸ συμμαχικὸν προσηγάγετο. καὶ εἰς τὴν Συρίαν ἐλθών, ἀμαχεὶ πάντα τά τε τῶν δήμων καὶ τὰ τῶν στρατευμάτων προσεποιήσατο. παραλαβὼν ουν τὴν Συρίαν εἰς τὴν ̓Ιουδαίαν ωρμησε, πυθόμενος τοὺς στρατιώτας τοὺς ἐν 2.391 τῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ὑπὸ τοῦ Καίσαρος καταλειφθέντας προσιέναι. ἐκείνους τε ουν ἑτοίμως καὶ τοὺς ̓Ιουδαίους παρεστήσατο. ουτω δὴ καὶ ὁ Κάσσιος διὰ ταχέων ἐγένετο ἰσχυρός, καὶ τῇ γερουσίᾳ τὰ ομοια τῷ Βρούτῳ ἐπέστειλε· καί οἱ τήν τε τῆς Συρίας ἀρχὴν ἡ βουλὴ ἐβεβαίωσε καὶ τὸν κατὰ τοῦ ∆ολοβέλλου πόλεμον ἐψηφίσατο. ουτος γὰρ ἐτέτακτο μὲν τῆς Συρίας αρχειν, εἰς δὲ τὴν ̓Ασίαν ἐνδιατρίβων τὸ δόγμα ἐμεμαθήκει, καὶ πρὸς μὲν τὴν Συρίαν οὐκ ἀπῆλθεν, αὐτοῦ δὲ καταμείνας τὸν Τρεβώνιον δόλῳ ἐν τῇ Σμύρνῃ ἀνεῖλε καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ̓Ασίαν κατέσχεν. ουτω δὲ τῆς ̓Ασίας γενόμενος ἐγκρατὴς εἰς τὴν Κιλικίαν ηλθε, τοῦ Κασσίου ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ τυγχάνοντος, καὶ τοὺς μὲν Ταρσεῖς ἑκουσίους προσλαβών, φρουροὺς τοῦ Κασσίου ἐν Αἰγαῖς οντας ἐνίκησεν· ἐς δὲ τὴν Συρίαν ἐνέβαλε, καὶ τῆς μὲν ̓Αντιοχείας ἀπεκρούσθη, τὴν δὲ Λαοδίκειαν προσεποιήσατο. καὶ τὸ ναυτικὸν αὐτῷ προσῆλθε· κἀντεῦθεν ἰσχύσας εἰς Αραδον ἀπελήλυθεν, ενθα μετ' ὀλίγων ἀπολειφθεὶς ἐκινδύνευε. διαφυγὼν ουν ἀπήντησε τῷ Κασσίῳ, καὶ συμβαλὼν αὐτῷ ἡττήθη, καὶ εἰς τὴν Λαοδίκειαν ἐπολιορκεῖτο. ἐνδείᾳ δὲ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ἀναγκασθείς, καὶ φοβηθεὶς μὴ ζῶν ἁλῷ, ἑαυτὸν διεχρήσατο. ο καὶ ὁ ὑποστράτηγος αὐτοῦ Μάρκος ̓Οκτάβιος επραξε. Κάσσιος δὲ ἐπεὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ Συρίᾳ καὶ τῇ Κιλικίᾳ κατεστήσατο, εἰς τὴν ̓Ασίαν πρὸς τὸν Βροῦτον ἀφίκετο. ὡς γὰρ τὴν συνωμοσίαν τῶν τριῶν ἀνδρῶν εμαθον, καθ' ἑαυτῶν εἰδότες ἐκείνους πάντα ποιεῖν, προθυμότερον καὶ αὐτοὶ κοινῇ πάντα καὶ ἐβουλεύοντο καὶ επραττον. καὶ αὐτοί τε περιιόντες καὶ ἑτέρους διαπέμποντες τοὺς μὴ ἐκείνοις ὁμοφρονοῦν2.392 τας προσήγοντο καὶ χρήματα καὶ στρατιώτας συνήθροιζον, τινῶν δὲ μὴ συμμαχῆσαι πειθομένων αὐτοῖς, ἐπ' ἐκείνους ἐτράπησαν. καὶ Κάσσιος μὲν ναυμαχίᾳ τοὺς ̔Ροδίους ἐνίκησε καὶ τὰς ναῦς αὐτῶν ἀφείλετο καὶ τὰ χρήματα, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα καὶ τὸν ̓Αριοβαρζάνην συλλαβὼν ἀπέκτεινε· Βροῦτος δὲ τῶν Λυκίων ἐκράτησε, καὶ τῶν πόλεων τὰς μὲν πλείους ἀμαχεὶ προσηγάγετο, Ξάνθον δὲ εἰς πολιορκίαν κατέστησε, καὶ ειλεν αὐτὴν καὶ κατέπρησεν. ειτα πρὸς Πάταρα ηλθε, καὶ προσεκαλεῖτο αὐτοὺς ὡς φίλους· ὡς δ' οὐχ ὑπήκουσαν, τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους τῶν Ξανθίων συγγενεῖς αὐτοῖς οντας επεμψεν, ἐλπίζων δι' ἐκείνων αὐτοὺς προσαγαγέσθαι. οἱ δ' οὐδ' ουτως ἐνέδοσαν. πωλήσας ουν τινας τῶν αἰχμαλώτων τοὺς λοιποὺς ἠλευθέρωσεν. ἰδόντες δὲ τοῦτο οἱ Παταρεῖς εὐθὺς αὐτῷ ὡς ἀρετὴν εχοντι προσέθεντο. τοῦτο δὲ καὶ οἱ Μυρεῖς ἐποίησαν, ἐπειδὴ τὸν στρατηγὸν αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ ἐπινείῳ λαβὼν ἀπέλυσε. καὶ ταλλα δὲ δι' ὀλίγου παρεστήσατο. ̓Εντεῦθεν αμφω εἰς τὴν ̓Ασίαν ηλθον, καὶ εἰς τὴν Μακεδονίαν ἠπείγοντο. Γάιος δὲ ὁ Νωρβανὸς καὶ ∆εκίλλιος Σάξας παρὰ τοῦ Καίσαρος καὶ τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου εἰς Μακεδονίαν ἐστάλησαν, καὶ πρὸς τοῖς Φιλίπποις στρατοπεδευσάμενοι τὴν σύντομον ὁδὸν προκατέλαβον. διὸ ὁ Βροῦτός τε καὶ ὁ Κάσσιος ἑτέραν μακροτέραν περιελθόντες, καὶ βιασάμενοι τὴν ἐκεῖ φρουράν, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν κατὰ τὰ μετέωρα