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from both sides, and many houses were burned down. Fearing this, Caesar wished to be reconciled with both Fulvia and the consul Lucius. But since, after sending envoys to them through many others and through the soldiers, he accomplished nothing, he sent senators, revealing to them the agreements he had made with Antony and making them judges of the disputes. But when not even these men were able to accomplish anything, he turned again to the soldiery. And the soldiers, having come together into Rome as if to communicate something to both the people and the senate, paid no heed to these, but having gathered on the Capitol they ordered the agreements which Antony and Caesar had made to be read to them 2.401 and they both ratified those and set themselves up as judges concerning the matters on which they differed. And since Caesar was ready to be judged on the appointed day, but Fulvia and the consul were not present, they voted against them as being in the wrong, and gave precedence to Caesar's cause. And a battle was joined between them, in which Caesar prevailed, so that many of both the senators and the knights were destroyed, and the consul Lucius was captured, but was released. But Fulvia fled with her children to Antony. Caesar, however, having settled affairs in Italy and the Ionian gulf having been freed (for Domitius in despair had sailed away to Antony), began to prepare to move against Sextus. But because of his power, and because he had communicated with Antony through his mother, he feared that he might have to fight both at the same time; and preferring Sextus, as being both more trustworthy and stronger than Antony, he both sent his mother Mucia to him and married the sister of his father-in-law Lucius Scribonius Libo, to see if somehow by this kindness and the marriage connection he might make him a friend. For Sextus, having formerly been deprived of the command which he held by Caesar, but holding on to the fleet, since he had not participated in the murder of that Caesar, hoped that he would even be restored by the new Caesar. But when he learned that even against him a price had been proclaimed for that man's murder, he gave up hope and prepared for war, building triremes and receiving deserters and making allies of the pirates. And in a short time he became strong and gained control of the sea near Italy. And as his affairs progressed 2.402 he sailed to Sicily, and took possession of it, and from there he gathered more soldiers and a very strong navy. Both for these reasons and so that he might not be befriended by Antony, Caesar desired to be reconciled with him. But failing in this, he sent Marcus Agrippa to wage war against him, while he himself departed for Gaul. So Sextus, learning these things, sailed back to Italy and remained there plundering it. And so Caesar took possession of Gaul, but sent Lepidus to Africa, so that having received this province from him, and not also from Antony, he might acknowledge the favor to him alone. But Marcus Antonius, having come into Asia, partly going about himself, and partly sending others to some places, was exacting money from the cities and was selling the principalities. But when Cleopatra was seen by him in Cilicia, out of love for the woman he no longer gave any thought to what was honorable, but became a slave to the Egyptian; and for this reason he did other monstrous things and killed her brothers; and finally he departed for Egypt. For this reason the Parthians, who were already stirred up before, then indeed attacked the Romans even more, with Labienus having incited them to this; who had served with Brutus and Cassius, and having been sent by them to the Parthians to ask for an alliance, when he learned of their defeat, he remained with the barbarians, and then he undertook to become leader of the war, and promised that he would win over many of the nations. And so he received a large force from Orodes, the king of the Parthians, and was sent out with his son Pacorus. 2.403 And Pacorus subdued Syria except for Tyre, and invaded Palestine, while Labienus took possession of Cilicia and

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ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων καὶ οἰκίας καταπρησθῆναι συχνάς. ἐντεῦθεν δείσας ὁ Καῖσαρ καταλλαγῆναι τῇ τε Φουλβίᾳ καὶ τῷ ὑπάτῳ τῷ Λουκίῳ ἠθέλησεν. ἐπεὶ δὲ διὰ πολλῶν αλλων καὶ τῶν ἐστρατευμένων πρεσβευσάμενος πρὸς αὐτοὺς οὐδὲν ηνυεν, βουλευτὰς εστειλε, τάς τε συνθήκας τὰς πρὸς τὸν ̓Αντώνιον αὐτῷ γενομένας ἐκφήνας σφίσι καὶ δικαστὰς τῶν διαφορῶν αὐτοὺς ποιήσας. ὡς δ' οὐδὲν οὐδ' ουτοι πρᾶξαι ισχυσαν, πρὸς τὸ στρατιωτικὸν αυθις ἀπέκλινε. καὶ εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην οἱ στρατιῶται, ὡς καὶ τῷ δήμῳ καὶ τῇ βουλῇ κοινωσόμενοί τι, συνελθόντες, τούτων μὲν οὐκ ἐφρόντισαν, ἐς δὲ τὸ Καπιτώλιον ἀθροισθέντες τάς τε συνθήκας ας ὁ ̓Αντώνιος καὶ ὁ Καῖσαρ εθεντο ἀναγνωσθῆναι σφίσιν ἐκέλευσαν 2.401 καὶ ἐκείνας τε ἐπεκύρωσαν καὶ περὶ ων διεφέροντο ἑαυτοὺς ἐκάθισαν δικαστάς. καὶ ἐπειδὴ ὁ μὲν Καῖσαρ ετοιμος δικασθῆναι κατὰ τὴν ὡρισμένην ἡμέραν ἐγένετο, ἡ Φουλβία δὲ καὶ ὁ υπατος οὐ παρῆν, ὡς ἀδικούντων ἐκείνων κατεψηφίσαντο, καὶ τὰ τοῦ Καίσαρος ἐπρέσβευσαν. καὶ μάχη μεταξὺ αὐτῶν συγκεκρότητο, καθ' ην ὑπερέσχεν ὁ Καῖσαρ, ωστε πολλοὺς τῶν τε βουλευτῶν καὶ τῶν ἱππέων φθαρῆναι, καὶ τὸν υπατον ἁλῶναι τὸν Λούκιον, ἀπολυθῆναι δέ. ἡ δὲ Φουλβία πρὸς τὸν ̓Αντώνιον μετὰ τῶν τέκνων ἀπέδρα. Καῖσαρ δὲ τά τε ἐν τῇ ̓Ιταλίᾳ κατεργασάμενος καὶ τοῦ ̓Ιονίου κόλπου ἠλευθερωμένου, ὁ γὰρ ∆ομίτιος ἀπογνοὺς ἀπέπλευσε πρὸς ̓Αντώνιον, παρεσκευάζετο ὡς πρὸς τὸν Σέξτον ὁρμήσων. διὰ δὲ τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ οτι τῷ ̓Αντωνίῳ διὰ τῆς μητρὸς ἐκοινολογήσατο, εδεισε μὴ καὶ ἀμφοῖν αμα πολεμήσῃ· καὶ τὸν Σέξτον προτιμήσας, ατε τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου πιστότερόν τε καὶ ἰσχυρότερον, τήν τε μητέρα Μουκίαν αὐτῷ επεμψε καὶ τὴν τοῦ πενθεροῦ αὐτοῦ Λουκίου Σκριβωνίου Λίβωνος ἀδελφὴν εγημεν, ει πως ἐκ τῆς εὐεργεσίας καὶ τῆς συγγενείας φίλον αὐτὸν ποιήσαιτο. ὁ γὰρ Σέξτος τῆς ἀρχῆς ης ειχεν ὑπὸ τοῦ Καίσαρος πρῴην παραλυθείς, τοῦ δὲ ναυτικοῦ ἀντεχόμενος, ατε μὴ τοῦ φόνου τοῦ Καίσαρος ἐκείνου μετεσχηκὼς ηλπιζε καὶ καταχθήσεσθαι πρὸς τοῦ νέου Καίσαρος. ὡς δ' εγνω καὶ ἐπ' αὐτῷ τὸν ἐκείνου φόνον ἐπικεκηρυγμένον, ἀπέγνω καὶ πρὸς πόλεμον ἡτοιμάζετο, ναυπηγῶν τριήρεις καὶ τοὺς αὐτομολοῦντας δεχόμενος καὶ τοὺς καταποντιστὰς προσεταιριζόμενος. καὶ ἐν ὀλίγῳ ἐγένετο ἰσχυρὸς καὶ τῆς πρὸς τῇ ̓Ιταλίᾳ θαλάσσης ἐκράτησε. προχω2.402 ρούντων δ' αὐτῷ τῶν πραγμάτων ἐς Σικελίαν επλευσε, καὶ ταύτην κατέσχε, καὶ στρατιώτας ἐκεῖθεν πλείους καὶ ναυτικὸν ἰσχυρότατον συνήγαγε. διὰ ταῦτά τε καὶ ινα μὴ τῷ ̓Αντωνίῳ φιλιωθῇ, καταλλαγῆναί οἱ ὁ Καῖσαρ ἱμείρετο. διαμαρτὼν δὲ τούτου, ἐκείνῳ μὲν Μάρκον ̓Αγρίππαν πολεμήσοντα επεμψεν, αὐτὸς δ' ἐς Γαλατίαν ἀπῆρε. μαθὼν ουν ὁ Σέξτος ταῦτα ἐς τὴν ̓Ιταλίαν ἀνέπλευσε καὶ ἐνέμεινεν αὐτὴν ληιζόμενος. ὁ δὲ δὴ Καῖσαρ τὴν Γαλατίαν κατέσχε, τὸν μέντοι Λέπιδον ἐς τὴν ̓Αφρικὴν επεμψεν, ιν' ὡς παρ' αὐτοῦ ταύτην λαβών, καὶ οὐχὶ καὶ παρὰ τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου, αὐτῷ μόνῳ τὴν χάριν ὁμολογῇ. Ἀντώνιος δὲ Μάρκος εἰς τὴν ̓Ασίαν ἐλθών, τὰ μὲν αὐτὸς περιιών, ἐς δέ τινα στέλλων ἑτέρους, τάς τε πόλεις ἠργυρολόγει καὶ τὰς δυναστείας ἐπίπρασκε. τῆς δέ γε Κλεοπάτρας ἐν Κιλικίᾳ ὀφθείσης αὐτῷ, ερωτι τῆς γυναικὸς οὐκέτ' οὐδεμίαν φροντίδα τοῦ καλοῦ ἐποιήσατο, ἀλλὰ τῇ Αἰγυπτίᾳ ἐδούλευε· καὶ αλλα τε διὰ τοῦτο επραξεν ατοπα καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτῆς ἀπέκτεινε· καὶ τέλος ἀπῆρεν εἰς Αιγυπτον. οθεν οἱ Πάρθοι, καὶ πρὶν κινούμενοι, τότε δὴ καὶ μᾶλλον τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις ἐπέθεντο, τοῦ Λαβιηνοῦ πρὸς τοῦτο σφᾶς ἐρεθίσαντος· ος τῷ Βρούτῳ μὲν καὶ τῷ Κασσίῳ συνεστρατεύετο, πεμφθεὶς δὲ παρ' ἐκείνων εἰς Πάρθους συμμαχίαν αἰτουμένων, ὡς τὴν ἐκείνων ητταν εγνω, κατέμεινε παρὰ τοῖς βαρβάροις, καὶ τότε τοῦ πολέμου τε ἡγεμὼν γενέσθαι ὑπέσχετο, καὶ πολλὰ μεταστήσειν τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐπηγγείλατο. οθεν καὶ δύναμιν πολλὴν πρὸς τοῦ τῶν Πάρθων βασιλέως ̓Ορώδου ελαβε, καὶ τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ τῷ Πακόρῳ συνα2.403 πεστάλη. καὶ ὁ μὲν Πάκορος τὴν Συρίαν ἐχειρώσατο πλὴν Τύρου, καὶ εἰς Παλαιστίνην εἰσέβαλεν, ὁ δὲ Λαβιηνὸς τήν τε Κιλικίαν κατέσχε καὶ