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changed her mind, having been disturbed by omens and fearing the despondency and sickness of the army. And she terrified Antony. However, they did not plan to sail out secretly nor yet openly as if they were fleeing, so that they might not cast their allies into fear, but as if preparing for a naval battle; and from there, having selected the best of the vessels, since the rowers were diminished by destruction and desertion, they burned the rest, and at night, secretly loading all their most valuable things onto them, they made them ready to sail out. And Antony encouraged the soldiers for the naval battle by addressing them. And so he embarked all the chief men of his company onto the ships, so that they might not attempt a revolt as Dellius and certain others had done by deserting, and he embarked great numbers of archers and slingers and hoplites. For he had few triremes, and the rest were quadriremes and ten-banked ships. And Caesar saw their preparation and made his own ready, and having learned their intention both from others and from Dellius, he assembled the army and urged them to battle with the words he spoke. And at this time, with a violent rain and a great squall having fallen upon Antony's fleet, Caesar took courage2.427 and watched for their sailing out. And when Antony's men had drawn up their line, but did not advance, he set out as if to engage them while they stood still or to make them retreat, but when they neither charged nor turned back, but remained in place and were densely packed in their formation, he held back for some time, then falling upon them they fought a naval battle. And while the naval battle was close-fought for a long time and undecided, Cleopatra's sixty ships, at a signal given by her for sailing away, raised their sails and set out for the open sea. But Antony, seeing Cleopatra's ship sailing away, forgetting everything, transferred to a quinquereme and pursued her who had ruined him and would yet further ruin him. And she, recognizing the signal of the ship, held back; and having been taken up into her ship, he went forward alone to the prow and sat in silence. And for three days he continued thus, and when they were at Taenarum her usual women both brought them together and persuaded them to dine together and to sleep together. And Antony's fleet, after his withdrawal, having held out until the tenth hour, when fire was brought against the vessels by Caesar's order, was partly burned and partly captured; for it is said that about three hundred ships were captured. Such, then, was the end of the naval battle on the second of September, and then all the power devolved to Caesar alone, so that from this very moment his monarchy is dated. And he founded a city on the site of his camp,2.428 calling it Nicopolis. And he also set up bronze statues of a man and a donkey. For it is said that while it was still night, on the day the naval battle took place, as he came forth from his tent and went around the ships, a man driving a donkey met him, and upon being asked his name, said, "My name is Eutychus, and the donkey's is Nicon." And these statues, later having been brought to Byzantium, were set up in the theatre of horse-racing. And the infantry and cavalry force of Antony, after his flight, having held together for seven days, finally went over to the victor. But some, and especially of the Romans, departed to Antony, while the allies went home. Caesar, however, hurried to Italy, fearing that they might revolt; and coming to Brundisium, he proceeded no further; for both the senate and the equestrian order and the greater part of the people and others gathered there. There, having accomplished what seemed best to him, he sailed away again to Greece. And having transported the ships across the Isthmus of the Peloponnese because of the winter, he was quickly brought to Asia. And Cleopatra, having fled, hastened to reach Egypt, fearing they might start a revolution. and having arrived there, she collected money from all sides and was gathering forces. But Antony sailed away to Libya. And when the army which he had there also deserted from him,

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ηλθε τὴν γνώμην ὑπὸ σημείων θορυβηθεῖσα καὶ ἐκ τῆς τοῦ στρατεύματος ἀθυμίας καὶ ἀρρωστίας δείσασα. καὶ τὸν ̓Αντώνιον ἐξεφόβησεν. οὐ μέντοι λάθρᾳ οὐδὲ μὴν φανερῶς ἐκπλεῦσαι ὡς φεύγοντες ἐβουλεύσαντο, ινα μὴ εἰς δέος τοὺς συμμάχους ἐμβάλωσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν παρασκευαζόμενοι· κἀντεῦθεν τὰ αριστα τῶν σκαφῶν ἐκλεξάμενοι, οτι ἐκ τῆς φθορᾶς τε καὶ τῆς αὐτομολίας οἱ ἐρέται ἠλάττωντο, κατέπρησαν τὰ λοιπά, καὶ νύκτωρ πάντα τὰ τιμιώτατα λαθραίως ἐμβαλόντες αὐτοῖς ετοιμα εἰς εκπλουν ἐποίησαν. καὶ τοὺς στρατιώτας παρεθάρρυνε πρὸς τὴν ναυμαχίαν διαλεχθεὶς αὐτοῖς ὁ ̓Αντώνιος. καὶ ουτως πάντας μὲν τοὺς πρώτους τῶν συνόντων αὐτῷ εἰς τὰς ναῦς ἐνεβίβασεν, ινα μή τι νεωτερίσωσιν ὡς ὁ ∆έλλιος καὶ αλλοι τινὲς αὐτομολήσαντες, παμπληθεῖς δὲ καὶ τοξότας καὶ σφενδονήτας καὶ ὁπλίτας ἐνεβιβάσατο. τριήρεις μὲν γὰρ ὀλίγας ειχεν, αἱ δὲ λοιπαὶ τετρήρεις καὶ δεκήρεις ησαν αὐτῷ. Καῖσαρ δὲ καθεώρα μὲν καὶ τὴν παρασκευὴν αὐτῶν καὶ ηὐτρεπίζετο, μαθὼν δὲ καὶ τὴν διάνοιαν σφῶν ἐξ αλλων τε κἀκ τοῦ ∆ελλίου, συνήγαγε τὸ στράτευμα καὶ εἰς μάχην δι' ων ειρηκε παρεκάλεσε. κἀν τούτῳ ὑετοῦ γενομένου λάβρου καὶ ζάλης πολλῆς εἰς τὸ τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου ναυτικὸν ἐμπεσούσης ἀνε2.427 θάρσησεν ὁ Καῖσαρ καὶ τὸν εκπλουν αὐτῶν ἐπετήρει. ὡς δὲ παρετάξαντο μὲν οἱ τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου, οὐ μέντοι προῄεσαν, ωρμησε μὲν ὡς καὶ ἑστῶσι σφίσι προσμίξων η καὶ ἀναχωρῆσαι ποιήσων, ὡς δ' ουτ' ἐξώρμησαν ουτ' ἀνέστρεψαν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ χώραν εμενον τῇ συντάξει τε ἐπεπύκνωντο, ἀνέσχε χρόνον τινά, ειτα συμπεσόντες ἐναυμάχουν. ̓Αγχωμάλου δὲ τῆς ναυμαχίας ουσης ἐπὶ πολὺ καὶ ἀκρίτου, αἱ Κλεοπάτρας ἑξήκοντα νῆες συνθήματος παρ' αὐτῆς δοθέντος πρὸς ἀπόπλουν ηρκασι τὰ ἱστία καὶ πρὸς τὸ πέλαγος ωρμησαν. ὁ δ' ̓Αντώνιος τὴν Κλεοπάτρας ναῦν ἰδὼν ἀποπλέουσαν, πάντων ἐπιλαθόμενος εἰς πεντήρη μεταβὰς ἐδίωκε τὴν ἀπολωλεκυῖαν αὐτὸν καὶ ετι προσαπολέσουσαν. ἐκείνη δὲ γνωρίσασα τὸ τῆς νεὼς σημεῖον, ἀνέσχε· καὶ ἀναληφθεὶς εἰς τὴν ἐκείνης ναῦν, μόνος παρελθὼν ἐς πρῷραν ἐκάθητο σιωπῶν. καὶ τρεῖς μὲν ἡμέρας ουτως διήγαγεν, ἐν δὲ Ταινάρῳ γενομένους αἱ συνήθεις γυναῖκες καὶ συνήγαγον καὶ συνδειπνεῖν καὶ συγκαθεύδειν ἀνέπεισαν. τὸ δὲ τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου ναυτικὸν μετὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ ὑποχώρησιν ἀντισχὸν μέχρις ωρας δεκάτης, πυρὸς ἐπενεχθέντος τοῖς σκάφεσι κελεύσαντος Καίσαρος τὸ μὲν κατεφλέχθη, τὸ δὲ ἑάλω· λέγεται γὰρ περὶ τριακοσίας νῆας ἑαλωκέναι. Τοιοῦτον μὲν ουν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ τέλος ἐγένετο κατὰ τὴν δευτέραν τοῦ Σεπτεμβρίου, καὶ τότε μόνῳ τῷ Καίσαρι τὸ κράτος απαν περιελήλυθεν, ὡς ἐκ τούτου δὴ τοῦ καιροῦ τὴν αὐτοῦ μοναρχίαν ψηφίζεσθαι. πόλιν δ' ἐν τῷ τοῦ στρατοπέδου τόπῳ συνῴ2.428 κισε, Νικόπολιν καλέσας αὐτήν. εστησε δὲ καὶ στήλας χαλκᾶς ἀνθρώπου καὶ ονου. λέγεται γὰρ νυκτὸς ετι ουσης, καθ' ην ἡμέραν ἡ ναυμαχία συνέστη, ἀπὸ τῆς σκηνῆς αὐτῷ προελθόντι καὶ περιιόντι τὰς ναῦς ανθρωπος συναντῆσαι ονον ἐλαύνων, πυθομένῳ δὲ τουνομα εἰπεῖν "ἐμοὶ μὲν Ευτυχος ονομα, τῷ δ' ονῳ Νίκων." αἱ στῆλαι δ' αυται υστερον ἀνακομισθεῖσαι εἰς τὸ Βυζάντιον εστησαν ἐν τῷ τῆς ἱππηλασίας θεάτρῳ. ̔Η δὲ πεζή τε καὶ ἱππικὴ δύναμις τοῦ ̓Αντωνίου μετὰ τὴν ἐκείνου φυγὴν ἡμέρας ἑπτὰ συμμείνασα, τέλος τῷ κρατήσαντι προσεχώρησεν. τινὲς δὲ καὶ μάλιστα τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων ἀπῆλθον πρὸς τὸν ̓Αντώνιον, οἱ δέ γε σύμμαχοι οικαδε. ὁ μέντοι Καῖσαρ εἰς τὴν ̓Ιταλίαν ἠπείχθη, μή τι στασιάσωσι φοβηθείς· ἐλθὼν δ' ἐς τὸ Βρεντέσιον, οὐκέτι πορρωτέρω προυχώρησεν· η τε γὰρ γερουσία καὶ ἡ ἱππὰς τοῦ τε δήμου τὸ πλεῖον καὶ ετεροι συνῆλθον ἐκεῖ. ενθα τὰ αὐτῷ δοκοῦντα καταπραξάμενος ἐς τὴν ̔Ελλάδα αυθις ἀπῆρε. καὶ διὰ τοῦ ̓Ισθμοῦ τῆς Πελοποννήσου τὰς ναῦς διὰ τὸν χειμῶνα διαγαγὼν ταχέως εἰς τὴν ̓Ασίαν ἀνεκομίσθη. Κλεοπάτρα δὲ φυγοῦσα καταλαβεῖν τὴν Αιγυπτον εσπευσε, δεδοικυῖα μή τι νεωτερίσωσι. καὶ γενομένη ἐν ταύτῃ πανταχόθεν συνέλεγε χρήματα ηθροιζέ τε δυνάμεις. ̓Αντώνιος δὲ εἰς Λιβύην ἀπέπλευσεν. ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οπερ ειχεν ἐκεῖ στράτευμα ἀπέστη αὐτοῦ,