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daring, he sought to set someone over it. And he judged Agrippa to be the most suitable for it, but wishing also to bestow a greater dignity upon him, so that from this he might rule them more easily, he compelled him, after divorcing his wife, to marry his daughter Julia, and sent him at once to Rome both for the wedding and for the administration of the city, both for other reasons and because Maecenas told Caesar that "you have made him so great that he must either become your 2.442 son-in-law or be killed." Agrippa, therefore, finding matters in Rome in a state of turmoil, settled them. But Augustus, after arranging affairs in Sicily, crossed over to Greece, and having passed through Greece, he sailed to Samos, and after wintering there, he was conveyed to Asia in the spring, and he arranged matters there and in Bithynia, and he enslaved the Cyzicenes, because after scourging some Romans they had killed them; and he did the same to the Tyrians and the Sidonians when he was in Syria. And Julia gave birth to Gaius. And Augustus, after having given the leadership of nations to certain men, returned to Samos, and there he wintered again and administered many things; for very many embassies arrived there; and the Indians at that time made a treaty of friendship, sending gifts, both other things and tigers, seen then for the first time by the Romans. And again sedition occurred in Rome and slaughters happened because of the consular elections. Therefore, Caesar, learning these things and perceiving that there would be no end to the trouble, hurried to Rome and himself appointed a consul. And since all were preparing to meet him, he was brought into the city by night; which he also did many times, both when leaving the city and when returning, so that he might be troublesome to no one. Then, having been requested, he was elected superintendent of morals and censor for a five-year period, and he received the consular honor for life. And when some were accused of plotting against him and Agrippa, he brought some to trial, but he hated Lepidus both for other reasons and because his son had plotted against him, yet he was not willing to kill him, but at different times treated him insolently and mocked him in different ways. He also set down other laws, and that those who bribed anyone for 2.443 magistracies should be excluded from them for five years; and he imposed penalties on unmarried men and childless women, and he established rewards for marriage and child-rearing. And since the male element of the nobility was much more numerous than the female, he permitted those who wished, except for senators, to marry freedwomen, ordering that their offspring be legitimate. And since some men, by betrothing infants, reaped the honors of the married, but did not perform their duty, he ordered that no betrothal be valid after which marriage does not follow within two years, that is, that a ten-year-old girl be betrothed; for twelve years is considered for girls the full age for marriage. And Agrippa fathered another son by Julia, named Lucius; whom Augustus adopted along with his brother Gaius, and he immediately appointed them successors to the rule, so that he might be less plotted against. And being entertained once at the house of Pollio, a man exceedingly rich, but very cruel and harsh, when his wine-pourer broke a crystal cup and was sentenced by his master to be thrown to the moray eels, for he kept such creatures in tanks, taught to eat humans, and he would throw to them the slaves whom he was putting to death, Caesar begged for the pardon of the wine-pourer; but when he did not persuade Pollio, he said, "Bring however many such drinking cups you have, or other valuable ones, so that I may use them." And when they were brought he smashed them, saying that men should not be punished so on account of these. And Pollio, in view of the multitude of the destroyed items, forgot about the one cup, and being unable to punish the wine-pourer, because Augustus had done the same thing to many items, he unwillingly kept quiet. 2.444 And Agrippa, having fallen ill in Campania, died; Caesar, arriving, both carried his body to Rome and, after laying it out in the forum, read a speech over him and made his funeral procession magnificent and buried him in his own mausoleum. But the death of Agrippa

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τολμῶν, ἐζήτει αὐτῇ ἐπιστῆσαί τινα. καὶ εκρινε μὲν τὸν ̓Αγρίππαν πρὸς αὐτὸ ἐπιτηδειότατον, βουληθεὶς δὲ καὶ μεῖζον αὐτῷ περιθεῖναι ἀξίωμα, ινα ἐκ τούτου ῥᾷον αὐτῶν αρχῃ, κατηνάγκασεν αὐτὸν τὴν γυναῖκα ἀφέντα τῇ αὐτοῦ θυγατρὶ συνοικῆσαι τῇ ̓Ιουλίᾳ, καὶ ἐς τὴν ̔Ρώμην αὐτίκα ἐπί τε τῷ γάμῳ καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ μεταχειρίσει τῆς πόλεως επεμψε, διά τε ταλλα καὶ οτι Μαικήνας ειπε τῷ Καίσαρι ὡς "τηλικοῦτον αὐτὸν πεποίηκας ωστε η γαμ2.442 βρόν σου γενέσθαι χρῆναι η φονευθῆναι." ̓Αγρίππας ουν οἰδοῦντα εὑρὼν ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ τὰ πράγματα κατεστήσατο. ὁ δ' Αυγουστος τὰ ἐν τῇ Σικελίᾳ διοικήσας εἰς τὴν ̔Ελλάδα ἐπεραιώθη, καὶ τὸ ̔Ελληνικὸν διαγαγὼν εἰς τὴν Σάμον επλευσε, κἀκεῖ χειμάσας εἰς τὴν ̓Ασίαν ἐν τῷ εαρι ἐκομίσθη, καὶ τά τε ἐκεῖ καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ Βιθυνίᾳ διέταξε, καὶ τοὺς Κυζικηνοὺς ἐδουλώσατο, οτι ̔Ρωμαίους τινὰς μαστιγώσαντες εκτειναν· τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ καὶ τοῖς Τυρίοις καὶ τοῖς Σιδωνίοις ἐποίησεν, ἐν τῇ Συρίᾳ γενόμενος. ἡ ̓Ιουλία δὲ τὸν Γάιον ετεκε. καὶ ὁ Αυγουστος ἐθνῶν ἡγεμονίας τισὶ δεδωκὼς ἐπανῆλθεν εἰς Σάμον, κἀκεῖ καὶ αυθις ἐχείμασε καὶ πολλὰ διῴκησεν· ἀφίκοντο γὰρ ἐνταῦθα πρεσβεῖαι πλεῖσται· καὶ οἱ ̓Ινδοὶ τότε φιλίαν ἐποιήσαντο, δῶρα πέμψαντες αλλα τε καὶ τίγρεις, πρῶτον τότε ̔Ρωμαίοις ὀφθείσας. αυθίς τε στάσις ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ συνέβη καὶ σφαγαὶ γεγόνασι διὰ τὰς τῶν ὑπάτων ἀρχαιρεσίας. μαθὼν ουν ταῦθ' ὁ Καῖσαρ, καὶ συνιδὼν οτι οὐδὲν πέρας γενήσεται τοῦ κακοῦ, εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἠπείχθη καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπέδειξεν υπατον. ἐπεὶ δὲ ὑπαντῆσαι αὐτῷ πάντες παρεσκευάζοντο, νύκτωρ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀνεκομίσθη· ο καὶ πολλάκις ἐποίησε, καὶ ἐξιὼν τοῦ αστεος καὶ ἐπανιών, ινα μηδενὶ ὀχληρὸς ειη. ειτα τῶν τρόπων ἐπιμελητὴς καὶ τιμητὴς εἰς πενταετίαν παρακληθεὶς ἐχειροτονήθη, τὴν δὲ τῶν ὑπάτων τιμὴν διὰ βίου ελαβε. τινῶν δ' αἰτίας σχόντων ἐπιβουλεύειν αὐτῷ καὶ τῷ ̓Αγρίππᾳ, αλλους μέν τινας ἐδικαίωσε, τὸν δὲ Λέπιδον ἐμίσει μὲν καὶ δι' αλλα καὶ οτι ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἐπεβούλευσεν αὐτῷ, οὐ μέντοι καὶ ἀποκτεῖναι ἠθέλησεν, ἀλλ' αλλοτε αλλως προεπηλάκιζε καὶ ἐχλεύαζεν. εθετό τε καὶ αλλους νόμους, καὶ τὸ τοὺς δεκάσαντάς τινας ἐπὶ 2.443 ταῖς ἀρχαῖς ἐς πέντε ετη αὐτῶν ειργεσθαι· τοῖς τε ἀγάμοις καὶ ταῖς ἀνάνδροις ἐπιτίμια εταξε, τοῦ δὲ γάμου καὶ τῆς παιδοποιίας αθλα εθηκε. κἀπειδὴ πολὺ πλεῖον τὸ αρρεν τοῦ θήλεος τοῦ εὐγενοῦς ην, ἐπέτρεψε καὶ ἀπελευθέρας τοῖς ἐθέλουσι πλὴν τῶν βουλευτῶν αγεσθαι, εννομον τὴν τεκνοποιίαν αὐτῶν ειναι κελεύσας. ἐπεὶ δὲ βρέφη τινὲς μνηστευόμενοι τὰς μὲν τῶν γεγαμηκότων ἐκαρποῦντο τιμάς, τὸ δ' εργον αὐτῶν οὐ παρείχοντο, προσέταξε μηδεμίαν ἰσχύειν μνηστείαν μεθ' ην οὐ δύο διελθόντων ἐτῶν γαμήσει τις, τοῦτ' εστι δεκέτιν πάντως ἐγγυᾶσθαι· δώδεκα δὲ ταῖς κόραις ετη εἰς τὴν τοῦ γάμου ωραν πλήρη νομίζεται. ὁ δὲ ̓Αγρίππας καὶ ετερον υἱὸν ἐκ τῆς ̓Ιουλίας ἐγείνατο, Λούκιον ὀνομασθέντα· ον Αυγουστος καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν Γάιον εἰσεποιήσατο, καὶ διαδόχους τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτόθεν ἀπέδειξεν, ιν' ηττον ἐπιβουλεύηται. ἑστιώμενος δέ ποτε παρὰ Πωλίωνι, ἀνδρὶ πλουσίῳ μὲν σφόδρα, ὠμῷ δὲ λίαν καὶ ἀπηνεῖ, ἐπεὶ ὁ οἰνοχόος ἐκείνου κύλικα κρυσταλλίνην κατέαξε καὶ ἐς τὰς μυραίνας ὡρίσθη παρὰ τοῦ δεσπότου ἐμβληθῆναι, ετρεφε γὰρ ἐν δεξαμεναῖς τοιαύτας, ἀνθρώπους δεδιδαγμένας ἐσθίειν, καὶ τοὺς δούλους αὐταῖς ους ἐθανάτου παρέβαλλε, παρῃτεῖτο τὴν τιμωρίαν ὁ Καῖσαρ τοῦ οἰνοχόου· ὡς δ' οὐκ επειθε τὸν Πωλίωνα, "φέρε" φησίν "οσα τοιαῦτα εχεις ἐκπώματα η καὶ ετερα εντιμα, ιν' αὐτοῖς χρήσωμαι." κομισθέντα δὲ συνέτριψεν, εἰπὼν ινα μὴ διὰ ταῦτα ουτως κολάζοιντο ανθρωποι. ὁ δὲ Πωλίων πρὸς τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἀπολωλότων τῆς μιᾶς ἐπελάθετο κύλικος, καὶ τὸν οἰνοχόον τιμωρήσασθαι μὴ δυνάμενος, οτι ἐπὶ πολλοῖς τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπεποιήκει ὁ Αυγουστος, καὶ ακων ἡσύχασεν. 2.444 ̓Αγρίππας δὲ νοσήσας ἐν Καμπανίᾳ ἀπέθανεν· ου ὁ Καῖσαρ παραγενόμενος τό τε σῶμα αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἐκόμισε καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ προθέμενος λόγον ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἀνέγνω καὶ τὴν ἐκφορὰν αὐτοῦ πολυτελῆ ἐποιήσατο καὶ ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ μνημείῳ εθαψεν. ὁ δὲ τοῦ ̓Αγρίππου θάνατος