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he was in all things common and equal in lifestyle to the rest. After Jerusalem was taken, Titus, returning to Italy, celebrated the victory procession, both himself and his father, in a chariot; and Domitian, who was consul, also joined them in the procession on a steed. After 3.54 this he established teachers in Rome for both Latin and Greek education, bearing a salary from the public treasury. And Mucianus, making many accusations against the philosophers, persuaded Vespasian to expel them from Rome; and all were driven out except for Musonius. He was considered a money-maker, because when some people voted to erect a statue to him, the cost of which was twenty-five myriads, he held out his hand, saying, "Give me the silver; for this is its base." And to Titus, who was annoyed at a certain tax which he himself had imposed, he said, after taking some gold coins procured from it, "See, child, if they have any smell." He was plotted against by Alienus and by Marcellus. But when they were discovered, Alienus was slain in the palace at the command of Titus, while Marcellus, after being tried in the senate and condemned, killed himself by cutting his throat with a razor. Vespasian, falling ill with fevers, passed away; although some said, falsely accusing Titus, that he had drunk poison at some symposium. When the doctors rebuked him for, while being sick, doing everything pertaining to his rule, he said, "The emperor ought to die standing." He died, having lived sixty-nine years, eight months, and eight days, and having ruled as sole monarch for ten years, lacking six days. When he died, Titus succeeded to the rule. He, having become sole ruler, did nothing 3.55 murderous or amorous, either because he had changed or because he lived for a very short time, so to speak for a reign. For he lived two years and two months and twenty days after his sole rule, for thirty-nine years and five months and twenty-five days. Therefore they also compare him equally with the long reign of Augustus, because neither would that one have been loved, if he had lived a shorter time, nor would this one, if a longer one; the one, because having become harsher at the beginning on account of the seditions and wars, was able afterwards to distinguish himself with benefactions during his long reign, the other, because having ruled moderately, he died at the height of his glory, who perhaps would have been proven, if he had lived for a long time, to have used more good fortune than virtue. He neither killed any of the senators during his reign and he issued documents confirming all the grants given by previous emperors to anyone. He was precise about money and did not spend it in vain; however, he never punished anyone for these reasons. Under him the False Nero also appeared, who was an Asian, and was called Terentius Maximus, and resembled Nero in both appearance and voice; for he also played the cithara. He won over some from Asia, and advancing to the Euphrates, he attached many more to himself, and finally fled to Artabanus, the leader of the Parthians; who, being angry with Titus, received this man and was preparing to restore him to Rome. In the first year of his reign, a great fire suddenly broke out in Campania in the autumn. For the mountain Vesuvius, which is near Neapolis, has abundant springs of fire; but only the middle part is on fire, while the outer parts are without fire. 3.56 Therefore, with the things in the middle being parched and turned to ash, the surrounding peaks preserve their ancient height, but the middle part, consumed by the fire, became hollow from subsidence. And from it is given off flame by night and smoke by day, sometimes more, sometimes less; and sometimes it also throws up ash, when it subsides suddenly, and sends up stones, when it is forced out by wind; and it echoes and roars, having vents that are not compressed, but porous and free. Such is Vesuvius; but at that time a tremendous crash was suddenly heard as if the mountains were collapsing, and there leaped up first stones of immense size, then much fire and endless smoke, so that the sun was hidden and darkness came from light.

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πάντα κοινὸς καὶ ἰσοδίαιτος ην τοῖς λοιποῖς. Τῶν δ' ̔Ιεροσολύμων ἁλόντων ὁ Τίτος εἰς τὴν ̓Ιταλίαν ἐπανελθὼν τὰ ἐπινίκια αὐτός τε καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἐφ' αρματος επεμψαν· συνέπεμπε δὲ σφίσιν αὐτὰ καὶ ὁ ∆ομετιανὸς ὑπατεύων ἐπὶ κέλητος. μετὰ 3.54 δὲ τοῦτο διδασκάλους ἐν τῇ ̔Ρώμῃ καὶ τῆς Λατίνων καὶ τῆς ̔Ελληνικῆς παιδείας κατέστησε, μισθὸν ἐκ τοῦ δημοσίου φέροντας. κατηγορίαν δὲ ὁ Μουκιανὸς τῶν φιλοσόφων πολλὴν ποιησάμενος επεισε τὸν Οὐεσπασιανὸν ἐξελάσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς ̔Ρώμης· καὶ πλὴν τοῦ Μουσωνίου απαντες ἀπηλάθησαν. χρηματιστὴς δ' ἐνομίζετο, οτι ἀνδριάντα στῆσαι αὐτῷ ψηφισαμένων τινῶν, ου τὸ ἀνάλωμα μυριάδες ησαν πέντε καὶ εικοσι, προέτεινε τὴν χεῖρα "δότε μοι τὸ ἀργύριον" εἰπών· "ἡ γὰρ βάσις αὐτοῦ αυτη ἐστί." καὶ πρὸς τὸν Τίτον ἀγανακτοῦντα τέλει τινὶ ῳ αὐτὸς καταδεδείχει, ειπεν, χρυσοῦς ἐξ αὐτοῦ πεπορισμένους λαβών, "ἰδού, τέκνον, ει τι οζουσιν." ἐπεβουλεύθη δὲ ὑπὸ ̓Αλιηνοῦ καὶ ὑπὸ Μαρκέλλου. φωραθέντες δὲ ὁ μὲν ̓Αλιηνὸς ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις ἐσφάγη, τοῦ Τίτου κελεύσαντος, Μάρκελλος δὲ κριθεὶς ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ καὶ καταδικασθεὶς αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν ἀνεῖλε ξυρῷ τεμὼν τὸν λαιμόν. Οὐεσπασιανὸς δὲ νοσήσας πυρετοῖς μετήλλαξεν· ὡς δέ τινες εφασαν, τοῦ Τίτου καταψευδόμενοι, φάρμακον ἐν συμποσίῳ τινὶ πεπωκώς. ἐπιτιμώντων δὲ αὐτῷ νοσοῦντι τῶν ἰατρῶν οτι νοσῶν πάντα τὰ τῇ ἀρχῇ προσήκοντα επραττε, "τὸν αὐτοκράτορα" εφη "ἑστῶτα δεῖ ἀποθνήσκειν." ἀπεβίω δὲ ζήσας ετη ἐννέα καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ μῆνας ὀκτὼ καὶ ἡμέρας ὀκτώ, μοναρχήσας δὲ ετη δέκα, εξ δέοντα ἡμερῶν. Τούτου δὲ τελευτήσαντος ὁ Τίτος τὴν ἀρχὴν διεδέξατο. ος μοναρχήσας ουτε φονικόν τι ουτε 3.55 ἐρωτικὸν επραξεν, η οτι μετεβάλλετο η οτι ἐπὶ βραχύτατον, ως γε ἐς ἡγεμονίαν εἰπεῖν, ἐπεβίω. δύο γὰρ ετη μετὰ τὴν αὐταρχίαν καὶ μῆνας δύο ἡμέρα τε εικοσιν εζησεν, ἐπ' ἐννέα καὶ τριάκοντα ετεσι καὶ μησὶ πέντε καὶ ἡμέραις πέντε καὶ εικοσι. διὸ καὶ ἐξ ισου αὐτὸν αγουσι τῇ τοῦ Αὐγούστου πολυετίᾳ, οτι ουτ' ἐκεῖνος ἐφιλήθη αν, εἰ ἐλάττω χρόνον ἐζήκει, ουτ' αν ουτος, εἰ πλείονα· ὁ μὲν οτι τραχύτερος κατ' ἀρχὰς διὰ τὰς στάσεις καὶ τοὺς πολέμους γενόμενος ἠδυνήθη μετὰ ταῦτα εὐεργεσίαις ἐν τῷ πολυχρονίῳ λαμπρύνεσθαι, ὁ δ' οτι ἐπιεικῶς αρξας ἐν ἀκμῇ τῆς δόξης ἀπέθανε, τάχ' αν ἐλεγχθείς, ει γε ἐβίω ἐπὶ μακρόν, οτι εὐτυχίᾳ πλείονι ἐχρήσατο η ἀρετῇ. ουτε δέ τινα τῶν βουλευτῶν ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ ἡγεμονίᾳ ἀπέκτεινε καὶ γράμματα ἐξέθηκε βεβαιῶν πάντα τὰ ὑπὸ τῶν πρότερον αὐτοκρατόρων δοθέντα τισίν. ην δὲ περὶ χρήματα ἀκριβὴς καὶ οὐ μάτην ἀνήλισκεν· οὐδένα μέντοι ποτὲ διὰ ταῦτα ἐκόλασεν. ̓Επὶ τούτου καὶ ὁ Ψευδονέρων ἐφάνη, ος ̓Ασιανὸς ην, ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ Τερέντιος Μάξιμος, προσεοικὼς δὲ τῷ Νέρωνι καὶ τὸ ειδος καὶ τὴν φωνήν· καὶ γὰρ ἐκιθαρῴδει. εκ τε τῆς ̓Ασίας τινὰς προσεποιήσατο, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην προχωρῶν πολλῷ πλείους ἀνηρτήσατο, καὶ τέλος πρὸς ̓Αρτάβανον τὸν τῶν Πάρθων κατέφυγεν ἀρχηγόν· ος καὶ δι' ὀργῆς τὸν Τίτον ποιούμενος ἐδέξατο τοῦτον καὶ καταγαγεῖν εἰς ̔Ρώμην παρεσκευάζετο. ̓Εν δὲ τῷ πρώτῳ τῆς ἡγεμονίας αὐτοῦ ετει πῦρ ἐν Καμπανίᾳ πολὺ κατὰ τὸ φθινόπωρον ἀθρόον ἐξήνθησε. τὸ γὰρ ορος τὸ Βέσβιον, κατὰ Νέαν ον πόλιν, εχει πυρὸς ἀφθόνους πηγάς· μέσον δέ γε μόνον πεπύρωται, τὰ δ' εξωθεν εἰσὶν απυρα. τῶν 3.56 ουν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ κραυρουμένων καὶ τεφρουμένων, αἱ μὲν πέριξ κορυφαὶ τὸ ἀρχαῖον σώζουσιν υψος, τὸ δὲ μέσον δαπανηθὲν τῷ πυρὶ κοῖλον ἐκ τοῦ συνιζάνειν ἐγένετο. καὶ ἀναδίδοται ἐξ αὐτοῦ τῆς μὲν νυκτὸς φλόξ, τῆς δ' ἡμέρας καπνὸς καὶ ποτὲ μὲν μᾶλλον, ποτὲ δὲ ηττον· ἐνίοτε δὲ καὶ τέφραν ἀναβάλλει, οταν ἀθρόον ὑφιζήσῃ, καὶ λίθους ἀναπέμπει, οταν ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἐκβιασθῇ· ἠχεῖ τε καὶ βοᾷ, μὴ συμπεπιλημένας, ἀλλ' ἀραιὰς καὶ ἐλευθέρας τὰς ἀναπνοὰς εχον. τοιοῦτον μέν ἐστι τὸ Βέσβιον· τότε δὲ κτύπος ἐξαίσιος ἐξαπίνης ὡς τῶν ὀρῶν συμπιπτόντων ἐξηκούσθη, καὶ ἀνέθορον πρῶτον μὲν λίθοι ὑπερμεγέθεις, επειτα πῦρ πολὺ καὶ καπνὸς απλετος, ὡς καὶ τὸν ηλιον συγκρυφθῆναι καὶ σκότος ἐκ φωτὸς γενέσθαι.