402

farewell, may you be well; and I and the armies are well." The war against the Jews was thus concluded, but the one against the Albanians, who are Massagetae according to Dio, had been stirred up by Pharasmanes; and it greatly distressed Media, and touched upon Armenia and Cappadocia, but it ceased when the Albanians were persuaded partly by gifts and partly by fear. And when Hadrian came to Rome, and the people asked that a charioteer slave receive his freedom, he replied that "it is fitting neither for me to free another's slave, nor for you to compel his master to do this." But falling ill, with blood flowing from his nose, and being given up for lost, he proclaimed Lucius Commodus Caesar to the Romans. But he killed Severianus and Fuscus his grandson, who were indignant at this; and Severianus was ninety years old. When he was about to be executed, he asked for a fire and, offering incense, said, "You, O gods, know that I do no wrong; but I pray that Hadrian desire to die, but not be able to." Whence also Hadrian, suffering a long illness, often prayed to pass away, so that he was even willing to kill himself. However, Severianus had been considered worthy of supreme power even by Hadrian himself. For having once told his friends to name ten men proven for supreme power, after a short pause he said, "I wish to learn nine; for I know the one, Severianus." 3.76 And Turbo and Similis were the most distinguished of the best men. And Turbo, being a most skillful general, having become a prefect, or rather commander of the bodyguard, lived as one of the many; who was never seen at home during the day, not even when he was ill, but spent his time with the emperor. And once, when the emperor advised him to rest while he was ill, he said that a prefect must die standing. But Similis, who was his senior in age and rank, and a centurion under Trajan, being summoned by him before the prefects, said to him upon entering, "It is shameful, Caesar, for you to speak with a centurion while the prefects are standing outside." Then, having been deemed worthy of the command of the bodyguard against his will, he accepted it, but willingly resigned and lived in the country. There he also died, having spent seven years there, having inscribed on his tomb that Similis lies here, having lived so many years, but having been alive for seven. And Hadrian was seized by consumption from the great flow of blood and by dropsy. But when the Caesar Lucius Commodus, vomiting much blood, suddenly died when a great deal of blood was shed, he summoned the leading men of the senators and said, "The divine power has taken Lucius from us, but I have found for you an emperor who is noble, gentle, compliant, prudent, who will do nothing rash on account of youth nor negligent on account of old age, Antoninus Aurelius." And so he was appointed emperor; and Hadrian, also taking thought for those who would rule after these things, since Antoninus was deprived of male offspring, adopted for him Commodus the son of Commodus, and Marcus Annius Verus, who was formerly named Catilius, being the grandson of Annius Verus who was thrice consul and had been a military tribune. 3.77 And Hadrian, having fallen ill with dropsy, at one time would drain the fluid by certain charms and sorceries, but after a little while more would collect again; and as he continually grew worse, he desired to die, but could not, as no one would give him a sword or a drug. And at last, being unable to kill himself, he gave up the strictness of his diet, and by using improper foods and drinks, he ended his life, having lived sixty-two years, five months, and nineteen days, and having reigned for twenty-one years less one month. And during his reign, Alexander, having served as high priest in Rome for ten years, passed to the life that does not grow old; whom Sixtus succeeded. And Primus, having been bishop of the Alexandrians for twelve years and having departed this life, had Justus as his successor. Eusebius relates that the number of bishops in Jerusalem amounted to fifteen up to the revolt of the Jews under Hadrian, they being short-lived, as it seems, and that all of them were believing Jews. of whom

402

ὑγιαίνετε, ευ αν εχοι· καὶ ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ τὰ στρατεύματα ὑγιαίνομεν." ̔Ο μὲν δὴ πρὸς ̓Ιουδαίους πόλεμος ουτως ηνυστο, ὁ δὲ πρὸς ̓Αλβανούς, εἰσὶ δὲ Μασσαγέται κατὰ τὸν ∆ίωνα, ὑπὸ Φαρασμάνου κεκίνητο· καὶ τὴν μὲν Μηδίαν λίαν ἐλύπησε, τῆς δ' ̓Αρμενίας καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίας ηψατο μέν, τῶν δ' ̓Αλβανῶν πῇ μὲν δώροις πεισθέντων, πῇ δὲ δεισάντων ἐπαύσατο. ̓Ελθὼν δὲ εἰς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ̓Αδριανὸς αἰτοῦντι τῷ δήμῳ ἁρματηλάτην δοῦλον ἐλευθερίας τυχεῖν, ἀντεῖπεν ὡς "οὐ προσήκει ουτ' ἐμοὶ ἀλλότριον ἐλευθερῶσαι δοῦλον ουθ' ὑμῖν τὸν δεσπότην αὐτοῦ ποιῆσαι τοῦτο βιάζεσθαι." νοσήσας δέ, αιματος αὐτῷ διὰ τῆς ῥινὸς κενουμένου, καὶ ἀπογνωσθείς, Κόμοδον Λούκιον Καίσαρα ̔Ρωμαίοις ἀνεῖπε. Σευηριανὸν δὲ καὶ Φοῦσκον τὸν εγγονον ἀγανακτοῦντας ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἐφόνευσεν· ην δὲ Σευηριανὸς ἐνενηκοντούτης. ος ἀποσφαγῆναι μέλλων πῦρ ῃτησε καὶ θυμιῶν εφη "ὑμεῖς, ω θεοί, ιστε οτι οὐδὲν ἀδικῶ· ευχομαι δὲ τὸν Ἀδριανὸν ἐπιθυμῆσαι ἀποθανεῖν, μὴ δύνασθαι δέ." οθεν καὶ χρονίως νοσήσας ̓Αδριανὸς ηυξατο πολλάκις ἀποσβῆναι, ωστε καὶ ἑαυτὸν ἐθελῆσαι διαχειρίσασθαι. ὁ μέντοι Σευηριανὸς καὶ αὐτῷ τῷ ̓Αδριανῷ αξιος τῆς αὐταρχίας νενόμιστο. εἰπὼν γὰρ τοῖς φίλοις ποτὲ ινα δέκα ανδρας δοκίμους εἰς αὐταρχίαν ἐξονομάσωσι, μικρόν τι διαλιπὼν εφη ὡς "ἐννέα θέλω μαθεῖν· τὸν γὰρ ενα γινώσκω τὸν Σευηριανόν." 3.76 Ησαν δὲ καὶ Τούρβων καὶ Σίμιλις τῶν ἀρίστων ἐπιφανέστατοι. καὶ ὁ μὲν Τούρβων, οια στρατηγικώτατος, επαρχος γεγονὼς ειτ' ουν αρχων τοῦ δορυφορικοῦ, ὡς εις τῶν πολλῶν διεβίω· ος ουποτε ἡμέρας οικοι ωπτο οὐδὲ νοσήσας, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα διέτριβε. καί ποτε νοσοῦντι ἀτρεμήσειν αὐτῷ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος συμβουλεύοντος, ειπεν οτι τὸν επαρχον ἑστῶτα δεῖ τελευτᾶν. ὁ δὲ Σίμιλις ἡλικίᾳ καὶ τάξει προήκων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἑκατονταρχῶν ἐπὶ Τραιανοῦ, καὶ κληθεὶς παρ' αὐτοῦ πρὸ τῶν ἐπάρχων, εφη αὐτῷ εἰσελθών "αἰσχρόν ἐστι, Καῖσαρ, τῶν ἐπάρχων ἑστώτων εξω, ἑκατοντάρχῃ σε ὁμιλεῖν." ειτα καὶ τῆς τῶν δορυφόρων ἀρχῆς ακων ἀξιωθεὶς ελαβε μέν, ἐξέστη δ' ἑκὼν καὶ ἐν ἀγρῷ διεβίω. ενθα καὶ τέθνηκεν, ἐνιαυτοὺς ἐκεῖ διατρίψας ἑπτά, ἐπιγράψας τῷ μνήματι οτι Σίμιλις ἐνταῦθα κεῖται, βιοὺς μὲν ετη τόσα, ζήσας δ' ἑπτά. ̓Αδριανὸς δὲ φθόῃ τ' ἐλήφθη ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς τοῦ αιματος ῥύσεως καὶ ὑδέρῳ. ὡς δὲ ὁ Καῖσαρ ὁ Λούκιος Κόμοδος αιμα ἐμῶν ἐκ πλείονος ἐξαίφνης ἐξέλιπεν ἀθρόον πλείστου αιματος ἐκχυθέντος, συνεκάλεσε τοὺς πρώτους τῶν βουλευτῶν καὶ ειπεν "τὸν Λούκιον τὸ δαιμόνιον ἀφείλετο ἡμῶν, ευρον δὲ αὐτοκράτορα ὑμῖν εὐγενῆ, πρᾷον, ευεικτον, φρόνιμον, μήθ' ὑπὸ νεότητος προπετὲς μήθ' ὑπὸ γήρως ἀμελές τι ποιήσοντα, τὸν ̓Αντωνῖνον Αὐρήλιον." καὶ ὁ μὲν ουτως προκεχείριστο αὐτοκράτωρ· φροντίζων δὲ καὶ περὶ τῶν μετὰ ταῦτα αὐταρχησόντων ̓Αδριανός, ἐπεὶ αρρενος ὁ ̓Αντωνῖνος ἠμοίρει γονῆς, τὸν Κομόδου υἱὸν Κόμοδον αὐτῷ εἰσεποίησε, καὶ Μάρκον Αννινον Βῆρον, ος Κατίλιος ὠνόμαστο πρότερον, ̓Αννίνου Βήρου τοῦ τρὶς ὑπατεύσαντος καὶ χιλιαρχήσαντος εγγονος ων. 3.77 ̔Υδέρῳ δὲ περιπεσὼν ὁ ̓Αδριανὸς μαγγανείαις μέν τισι καὶ γοητείαις ἐκένου ποτὲ τὸ ὑγρόν, δι' ὀλίγου δ' αυθις ἠθροίζετο ετερον· καὶ ὡς ἐπεδίδου πρὸς τὸ χεῖρον ἀεί, ἀποθανεῖν ἐπεθύμει, οὐκ ἠδύνατο δέ, μηδενὸς αὐτῷ διδόντος μὴ ξίφος, μὴ φάρμακον. καὶ τέλος, μὴ οιός τε ων ἑαυτὸν διαχρήσασθαι, τῆς κατὰ τὴν δίαιταν ἀκριβείας μεθῆκε, καὶ μὴ προσήκουσιν ἐδωδίμοις καὶ ποτοῖς χρώμενος κατέλυσε τὴν ζωήν, ζήσας ετη δύο καὶ ἑξήκοντα πρὸς μησὶ πέντε καὶ ἡμέραις ἐννεακαίδεκα, μοναρχήσας δὲ ἐπὶ εικοσι καὶ ενα ἐνιαυτὸν μηνὸς ἑνὸς λείποντος. ̓Επὶ δὲ τῆς ἡγεμονίας αὐτοῦ ̓Αλέξανδρος ἀρχιερατεύσας ἐν ̔Ρώμῃ δέκατον ετος εἰς τὴν ἀγήρω μετέβη ζωήν· ον διεδέξατο Ξύστος. καὶ Πρῖμος δὲ ̓Αλεξανδρέων ἐπισκοπήσας δωδέκατον ἐνιαυτὸν καὶ μεταλλάξας τὴν βιοτήν, ̓Ιοῦστον εσχε διάδοχον. τῶν δ' ἐν ̔Ιεροσολύμοις ἐπισκόπων τὸν ἀριθμὸν εἰς πεντεκαίδεκα περιστῆναι μέχρι τῆς κατὰ ̓Αδριανὸν ̓Ιουδαίων ἀποστασίας, βραχυβίων, ὡς εοικε, γεγονότων, ὁ Εὐσέβιος ἱστορεῖ, πάντας δ' ἐξ ̓Ιουδαίων πιστεύσαντας ειναι. ων