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they surrounded them and killed some; for they spared them as kinsmen, and hoped they would come over to the emperor. But they would not give in. But from a certain chance event they all came over to the emperor. For while marching, those with the usurpers were holding the standards upright, but one of those carrying the standards, having stumbled while marching, fell, and as he fell the standard was brought down. So when the rest who were carrying the standards saw the lowered standard, and not knowing how it had been lowered, they supposed that the one holding it had willingly dipped it to the emperor, having changed sides. And immediately they too dipped all their standards and lowered them to the ground and acclaimed Gallienus, with only the Paeonians being left with Macrinus and his men. Then when they too wished to change sides, Macrinus with his son begged them not to hand them over, but 3.146 to kill them first and so go over to the emperor; which the Paeonians did, and surrendered themselves. Quietus, however, the younger son of Macrinus, was in the East with Ballista, having made almost all of it subject to himself. Against them Gallienus sent Odaenathus, who was the leader of the Palmyrenes. But when the defeat of the Macrini that happened in Paeonia was announced to Quietus and Ballista, many of the cities under them revolted. But they were staying in Emesa. Arriving there and joining battle with them, Odaenathus wins, and he himself kills Ballista, but the people of the city kill Quietus. And the emperor, rewarding Odaenathus for his valor, appointed him general of the entire East. This Odaenathus, having become great and faithful to the Romans and having distinguished himself in many wars against various nations and against the Persians themselves, was finally killed by his own nephew. For during a hunt, being with his uncle, when a beast rushed out, he acted first and having struck the beast, killed it; but Odaenathus was angered and threatened his nephew. But he did not stop, but did this two and three times. And enraged, Odaenathus took away his horse; and this is considered a great insult to the barbarians. Therefore vexed, the young man threatened his uncle; and for this reason he bound him. Then the eldest of Odaenathus' sons asked his father for the prisoner to be released; and he, having been released, came upon 3.147 Odaenathus with a sword while he was banqueting and killed him and his son, through whom he had been released. But he too was killed, when some men attacked him. And again another rebellion arose against Gallienus, which Aureolus organized, being commander of all the cavalry and very powerful. who, having seized the city of Mediolanum, prepared to engage in battle with the emperor. And he came with a force, and having arrayed against the usurper, destroyed many of those with him. at which time Aureolus was also wounded and shut up in Mediolanum, being besieged there by the emperor. And while Gallienus was making sorties against some of the enemy, the empress once came into danger; for she was with him. For when the emperor sallied forth with the greater part of the soldiers, very few were left behind around the rampart. which the enemy having observed, they attacked the emperor's tent, intending to seize the empress. But a certain one of the overlooked soldiers, sitting before the tent and having taken his own shoe from his foot, was stitching it. So when he saw the enemy approaching, seizing a shield and a dagger he eagerly rushed against them. And having struck one and a second, he checked the rest who had become cowardly at his charge. And so, as more soldiers ran together, the emperor's wife was saved. And while the emperor was still besieging Mediolanum, Aurelian came to him with horsemen; with whom the grandees conspired to kill him, 3.148 but they postponed the plot until Mediolanum should be captured. But learning that their plan was known, they hastened the plot. and they send some men, to announce to Gallienus that enemies were attacking; and he immediately rushed out against them, the hour being already

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ἐκύκλωσαν σφᾶς καί τινας ἀνεῖλον· ἐφείδοντο γὰρ αὐτῶν ὡς ὁμογενῶν, καὶ ηλπιζον προσρυῆναι αὐτοὺς τῷ βασιλεῖ. ἐκεῖνοι δ' οὐκ ἐνεδίδουν. ἐκ δέ τινος τυχαίου συμβάματος απαντες τῷ βασιλεῖ προσερύησαν. βαδίζοντες γὰρ οἱ περὶ τοὺς τυραννοῦντας ὀρθίας τὰς σημαίας ἀνεῖχον, εις δὲ τῶν σημαίας φερόντων ἐν τῷ βαδίζειν συμποδισθεὶς πέπτωκε, καὶ ἡ σημαία ἐκείνου πεσόντος κατήνεκτο. ἰδόντες ουν οἱ λοιποὶ οσοι τὰς σημαίας εφερον τὴν κλιθεῖσαν σημαίαν, καὶ ἀγνοήσαντες οπως ἐκείνη ἐκέκλιτο, ὑπέλαβον ἑκόντα τὸν ταύτην κατέχοντα ἐπικλῖναι αὐτὴν τῷ βασιλεῖ μεταθέμενον. καὶ αὐτίκα κἀκεῖνοι πάσας κεκλίκασι καὶ προσούδισαν καὶ τὸν Γαλιῆνον εὐφήμησαν, μόνον τῶν Παιόνων περιλειφθέντων τοῖς περὶ τὸν Μακρῖνον. ειτα κἀκείνων μεταθέσθαι βουλομένων, ὁ Μακρῖνος σὺν τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ μὴ ἐκδοῦναι αὐτοὺς αὐτῶν ἐδεήθησαν, ἀλλ' 3.146 ἀνελεῖν πρότερον σφᾶς καὶ ουτω προσχωρῆσαι τῷ βασιλεῖ· ο πεποιηκότες οἱ Παίονες παρέδωκαν ἑαυτούς. Κύιντός γε μὴν ὁ νεώτερος τοῦ Μακρίνου υἱὸς ἐν τῇ ἑῴᾳ ην σὺν Βαλλίστᾳ, πᾶσαν αὐτὴν σχεδὸν πεποιημένος ὑφ' ἑαυτόν. ἐφ' ους ὁ Γαλιῆνος ̓Ωδέναθον επεμψεν, ἡγεμονεύοντα τῶν Παλμυρηνῶν. τῆς ηττης δὲ τῶν Μακρίνων τῆς κατὰ Παιονίαν συμβάσης ἀγγελθείσης τῷ Κυΐντῳ καὶ τῷ Βαλλίστᾳ, πολλαὶ τῶν ὑπ' αὐτοὺς ἀπέστησαν πόλεων. οἱ δ' ἐν ̓Εμέσῃ διῆγον. ενθα γενόμενος ὁ ̓Ωδέναθος καὶ συμβαλὼν αὐτοῖς νικᾷ, καὶ τὸν μὲν Βαλλίσταν αὐτὸς ἀναιρεῖ, τὸν δὲ Κύιντον οἱ τῆς πόλεως. ̓Ωδέναθον δὲ τῆς ἀνδραγαθίας ὁ βασιλεὺς ἀμειβόμενος πάσης ἀνατολῆς αὐτὸν προεχειρίσατο στρατηγόν. Ουτος ὁ ̓Ωδέναθος μέγας γενόμενος καὶ ̔Ρωμαίοις πιστὸς καὶ ἐν πολλοῖς πολέμοις διαφόρων ἐθνῶν καὶ κατ' αὐτῶν τῶν Περσῶν ἀριστεύσας, τελευταῖον ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰδίου ἀδελφόπαιδος ἀνῃρέθη. ἐν γὰρ θήρᾳ τῷ θείῳ συνὼν ἐκεῖνος, ἐπεὶ θηρίον ἐξέθορε, προεπεχείρησε καὶ τὸν θῆρα βαλὼν ἀνεῖλεν· ὁ δὲ ̓Ωδέναθος ἠγανάκτησε καὶ ἠπείλησε τῷ ἀνεψιῷ. ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἐπαύσατο, ἀλλὰ καὶ δὶς καὶ τρὶς τοῦτο ἐποίησε. καὶ ὀργισθεὶς ὁ ̓Ωδέναθος ἀφείλετο τὸν ιππον αὐτοῦ· τοῦτο δὲ εἰς μεγάλην υβριν τοῖς βαρβάροις λογίζεται. ἀχθόμενος τοίνυν ὁ νεανίας ἠπείλει τῷ θείῳ· ὁ δὲ διὰ τοῦτο τοῦτον ἐδέσμησεν. ειτα ὁ πρεσβύτερος τῶν ̓Ωδενάθου υἱῶν λυθῆναι τὸν δέσμιον τὸν πατέρα ᾐτήσατο· κἀκεῖνος λυθεὶς συμποσιάζοντι τῷ 3.147 ̓Ωδενάθῳ ἐπελθὼν μετὰ ξίφους κἀκεῖνον ἀνεῖλε καὶ τὸν ἐκείνου υἱόν, δι' ουπερ ἐλέλυτο. ἀνῃρέθη δὲ κἀκεῖνος, τινῶν ἐπιθεμένων αὐτῷ. Αυθις δὲ ἑτέρα κατὰ τοῦ Γαλιήνου ἐπανάστασις γέγονεν, ην Αὐρίολος συνεστήσατο, πάσης αρχων τῆς ιππου καὶ μέγα δυνάμενος. ος τὴν πόλιν τὰ Μεδιόλανα κατασχὼν ἑτοιμάζετο συμμίξαι τῷ βασιλεῖ. ἐλθὼν δὲ κἀκεῖνος μετὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ τῷ τυραννοῦντι ἀντιταξάμενος, πολλοὺς τῶν αὐτῷ συνόντων διέφθειρεν. οτε καὶ ὁ Αὐρίολος ἐτρώθη καὶ εἰς Μεδιόλανα κατεκλείσθη, παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐκεῖσε πολιορκούμενος. τοῦ δὲ Γαλιήνου ἐπεκδρομὰς ποιουμένου κατά τινων τῶν πολεμίων, ἐν κινδύνῳ ποτὲ γέγονεν ἡ βασίλισσα· συνῆν γὰρ αὐτῷ. ὡς γὰρ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπεξέδραμε μετὰ τῶν πλειόνων στρατιωτῶν, ὀλίγοι πάνυ περιελείφθησαν περὶ τὸ χαράκωμα. οπερ οἱ πολέμιοι θεασάμενοι ἐπῆλθον τῇ τοῦ βασιλέως σκηνῇ, ἁρπάσαι διανοούμενοι τὴν βασίλισσαν. εις δέ τις τῶν ἠμελημένων στρατιωτῶν πρὸ τῆς σκηνῆς καθήμενος καὶ τὸ οἰκεῖον ὑπόδημα τοῦ ποδὸς ἐκβαλὼν συνέρραπτεν αὐτό. ὡς ουν ειδε τοὺς πολεμίους ἐπερχομένους, ἁρπάσας ἀσπίδα καὶ ἐγχειρίδιον περιθύμως ωρμησε κατ' αὐτῶν. καὶ πλήξας ενα καὶ δεύτερον, ἀνέκοψε τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀποδεδειλιακότας πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνου ὁρμήν. καὶ ουτω πλειόνων συνδραμόντων στρατιωτῶν ἡ τοῦ βασιλέως διασέσωστο γαμετή. Ετι δὲ πολιορκοῦντος τοῦ βασιλέως τὰ Μεδιόλανα Αὐρηλιανὸς σὺν ἱππεῦσι προσῆλθεν αὐτῷ· μεθ' ου ἀνελεῖν αὐτὸν οἱ μεγιστᾶνες προεβουλεύ3.148 σαντο, ὑπερετίθεντο δὲ τὸ σκέμμα εως ἁλῷεν τὰ Μεδιόλανα. μαθόντες δ' ἐγνῶσθαι τὸ σφῶν διαβούλιον, ἐπετάχυναν τὴν ἐπιβουλήν. καὶ στέλλουσί τινας, πολεμίους ἐπιέναι τῷ Γαλιήνῳ ἀγγέλλοντας· ὁ δὲ αὐτίκα ἐξώρμησε κατ' αὐτῶν, ωρας ηδη