433

crowned his own sons Carinus and Numerian with the royal diadem. And immediately he campaigned against the Persians with one of his sons, Numerian, and captured both Ctesiphon and Seleucia. And the army of the Romans was almost in danger. For it had encamped in a hollow place; which the Persians, seeing the river flowing by there, diverted through a channel into that hollow place. But Carus, attacking the Persians, was successful and routed them; and he returned to Rome, leading a multitude of captives and much booty. Then, when the nation of the Sarmatians revolted, he engaged them also and conquered and subjected the nation. He was a Gaul by race, but brave and skilled in the arts of war. But the account of his death is not written in the same way by those who recorded it. For some say that while campaigning against the Huns he was killed there, but others say that he was encamped by the Tigris river, and there, his army having thrown up its palisade, they have recorded that his tent 3.157 was struck by lightning and he perished along with it. Since his life had failed him, whether in this way or another, his son Numerian was left as sole emperor in the camp. And he immediately campaigned against the Persians; and when war broke out, and the Persians proved the stronger and the Romans turned their backs, some have recorded that he was captured in the flight and the skin of his whole body was flayed off like a wineskin, and so he perished, while others have written that as he was returning from Persia he fell ill with an eye disease, and was killed by his own father-in-law, who was prefect of the camp, who had cast his eyes upon the sole rule, though he did not obtain it. For the army chose Diocletian as emperor, who was then present there and had displayed many deeds of courage in the war against the Persians. However, the other of Carus' sons, Carinus, while living in Rome, proved to be a harsh man to the Romans, having become licentious and cruel and vengeful; who was destroyed by Diocletian when he visited Rome. And the time of their reign was not a full three years. In these times Manes the thrice-accursed, having crept in from the Persians to our inhabited world, spewed out his own venom in it. From him the name of the Manichaeans has not ceased to this day. who at one time named himself paraclete and holy spirit, in whom the spirit of wickedness was manifestly dwelling, and at another time called himself Christ, 3.158 he who was anointed by demons for their service, and he took twelve disciples, as partners and heralds of his nonsense, which he compiled from many godless doctrines of already extinct heresies. However, when Dionysius, who shepherded the faithful in Rome, had completed nine years in this ministry and passed away, Felix succeeded to the priestly throne of Rome. When he died after a period of five years, Eutychianus was deemed worthy of the episcopate of the Romans. And not yet having been bishop for ten months, he too departed this life, and Gaius was introduced to the pastoral ministry. When he had presided over the church for about fifteen years, Marcellinus became his successor. And these men were in the times of the persecutions. And in the church of the Antiochians, after Domnus, Timaeus was bishop, and Cyril succeeded Timaeus, and after Cyril, the throne received Tyrannus, under whom the siege of the churches reached its peak and the tyranny became unbearable. And over the church of the Jerusalemites, after Hymenaios, Zabdas presided, and not long after he had fallen asleep, Hermon adorned this throne. And in Alexandria, after Maximus, who completed his sacred ministry for eighteen years after Dionysius, had paid his due, Theonas became bishop. whom Peter succeeded, who also took up the crown of martyrdom, having been beheaded. The successions, then, of these high priests were thus. And Diocletian, having obtained the rule, 3.159 who was a Dalmatian by birth,

433

τοὺς οἰκείους υἱοὺς Καρῖνον καὶ Νουμεριανὸν ἐταινίωσε βασιλικῷ διαδήματι. καὶ αὐτίκα κατὰ Περσῶν ἐξεστράτευσεν αμα τῷ ἑνὶ τῶν παίδων Νουμεριανῷ, καὶ κατέσχε Κτησιφῶντά τε καὶ Σελεύκειαν. μικροῦ δ' αν ἐκινδύνευσε τὸ στράτευμα τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων. ἐν κοίλῳ γὰρ ἐστρατοπεδεύσατο τόπῳ· ο οἱ Πέρσαι θεασάμενοι τὸν ἐκεῖ παραρρέοντα ποταμὸν εἰς τὸν κοῖλον ἐκεῖνον τόπον διὰ διώρυχος ἐπαφείκασι. τοῖς Πέρσαις δὲ προσβαλὼν ὁ Κᾶρος εὐτύχησε καὶ κατετροπώσατο αὐτούς· καὶ ἐπανέζευξεν εἰς ̔Ρώμην αγων αἰχμαλώτων πληθὺν καὶ λείαν πολλήν. ειτα τοῦ εθνους ἐπαναστάντος τῶν Σαρματῶν κἀκείνοις προσμίξας νικᾷ καὶ τὸ εθνος ὑπέταξεν. ος τὸ μὲν γένος Γαλάτης ην, ἀνδρεῖος δὲ καὶ τὰ πολέμια δεξιός. ὁ δὲ περὶ τῆς τελευτῆς αὐτοῦ λόγος οὐχ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἱστορήσασι συγγράφεται. οἱ μὲν γάρ φασι κατὰ Ουννων ἐστρατευκότα ἐκεῖσε ἀναιρεθῆναι, οἱ δὲ παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ Τίγρητι λέγουσι αὐτὸν ἐσκηνῶσθαι, ἐκεῖ καὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ στρατιᾶς βαλομένης τὸν χάρακα, ενθα κεραυνῷ τὴν ἐκείνου σκηνὴν 3.157 βληθῆναι καὶ συνδιαφθαρῆναι αὐτῇ κἀκεῖνον ἱστόρησαν. Ωι ἐπεὶ τὸ βιώσιμον ειθ' ουτως ειτ' αλλως ἐπιλελοίπει, Νουμεριανὸς ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ μόνος βασιλεὺς ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ περιελέλειπτο. καὶ αὐτίκα κατὰ Περσῶν ἐστρατεύσατο· καὶ συρραγέντος πολέμου, ἐπικρατεστέρων τε τῶν Περσῶν γεγονότων καὶ κλινάντων νῶτα ̔Ρωμαίων, οἱ μὲν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ φυγῇ συλληφθῆναι ἱστόρησαν καὶ ολου τοῦ σώματος τὴν δορὰν ἀποσυρῆναι δίκην ἀσκοῦ καὶ ουτω διαφθαρῆναι, οἱ δὲ ἐκ Περσίδος αὐτὸν ἐπανιόντα ὀφθαλμίᾳ περιπεσεῖν συνεγράψαντο, καὶ παρὰ τοῦ οἰκείου πενθεροῦ ἐπάρχοντος τοῦ στρατοπέδου ἀναιρεθῆναι, τῇ αὐταρχίᾳ ἐποφθαλμίσαντος, μὴ μέντοι καὶ τυχόντος αὐτῆς. ἡ γὰρ στρατιὰ τὸν ∆ιοκλητιανὸν αὐτοκράτορα ειλετο, ἐκεῖ τότε παρόντα καὶ ἀνδρείας εργα πολλὰ ἐν τῷ κατὰ Περσῶν πολέμῳ ἐπιδειξάμενον. Θάτερος μέντοι τῶν Κάρου υἱῶν ὁ Καρῖνος εἰς ̔Ρώμην διάγων χαλεπὸς τοῖς ̔Ρωμαίοις ἐτύγχανεν, ἀσελγὴς γενόμενος καὶ ὠμὸς καὶ μνησίκακος· ος ὑπὸ ∆ιοκλητιανοῦ εἰς ̔Ρώμην ἐπιδημήσαντος διεφθάρη. ὁ δὲ τῆς τούτων ἀρχῆς χρόνος οὐ γέγονε καθ' ὁλόκληρον τριετής. ̓Εν τούτοις τοῖς χρόνοις Μάνης ὁ τρισκατάρατος ἐκ τῶν Περσῶν εἰς τὴν καθ' ἡμᾶς οἰκουμένην παρεισφθαρείς, ἐν ταύτῃ τὸν οἰκεῖον ἰὸν ἐξήμεσεν. ἀφ' ου τὸ τῶν Μανιχαίων ονομα μέχρι τοῦ νῦν οὐκ ἐπέλιπεν. ος ποτὲ μὲν παράκλητον ἑαυτὸν καὶ πνεῦμα ὠνόμαζεν αγιον, ῳ τὸ τῆς πονηρίας πνεῦμα προφανῶς ἐγκατῴκιστο, ποτὲ δὲ Χριστὸν ἑαυτὸν ἐκάλει, 3.158 ὁ ὑπὸ τῶν δαιμόνων εἰς λειτουργίαν ἐκείνοις χρισθείς, καὶ μαθητὰς ἐπήγετο δώδεκα, τῆς αὐτοῦ φλυαρίας κοινωνούς τε καὶ κήρυκας, ην ἐκ πολλῶν ἀθέων δογμάτων τῶν ηδη ἀπεσβηκυιῶν αἱρέσεων συνεφόρησε. ∆ιονυσίου μέντοι τοῦ τοὺς ἐν ̔Ρώμῃ πιστοὺς ποιμαίνοντος ετη ἐννέα ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ λειτουργίᾳ ἠνυκότος καὶ μεταστάντος, Φῆλιξ τὸν τῆς ̔Ρώμης ἱερατικὸν διεδέξατο θρόνων. τούτου δὲ μετὰ χρόνον θανόντος πενταετῆ, Εὐτυχιανὸς ἠξιώθη τῆς ̔Ρωμαίων ἐπισκοπῆς. ουπω δὲ μησὶ δέκα καὶ ουτος ἐπισκοπήσας μετήλλαξε τὴν ζωήν, καὶ ἀντεισήχθη εἰς τὸ τῆς ποιμαντικῆς λειτούργημα Γάιος. ουπερ ἀμφὶ τὰ πεντεκαίδεκα ετη προστάντος τῆς ἐκκλησίας Μαρκελλῖνος διάδοχος γέγονεν. ουτοι δ' ησαν ἐν τοῖς χρόνοις τῶν διωγμῶν. ἐν δέ γε τῇ ̓Αντιοχέων ἐκκλησίᾳ μετὰ ∆όμνον ἐπεσκόπησε Τίμαιος, τὸν δὲ Τίμαιον διεδέξατο Κύριλλος, καὶ μετὰ Κύριλλον Τύραννον ὁ θρόνος ἐδέξατο, καθ' ον ἡ τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν πολιορκία τὴν ἀκμὴν εσχηκε καὶ ἡ τυραννὶς ἀφόρητος γέγονε. τῆς δὲ τῶν ̔Ιεροσολύμων ἐκκλησίας μετὰ τὸν ̔Υμέναιον προέστη Ζάβδας, ου κεκοιμημένου μετ' οὐ πολὺ Ερμων τὸν θρόνον τοῦτον ἐκόσμησεν. ἐν δὲ τῇ ̓Αλεξανδρείᾳ, Μαξίμου, τοῦ μετὰ ∆ιονύσιον ετεσιν ὀκτωκαίδεκα τὴν ἱερουργίαν ἀνύσαντος, τὸ χρεὼν λειτουργήσαντος, Θεωνᾶς ἐπεσκόπησεν. ον διεδέξατο Πέτρος, ος καὶ τὸν τοῦ μαρτυρίου στέφανον ηρατο, τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐκτμηθείς. Αἱ μὲν ουν τῶν ἀρχιερέων τούτων διαδοχαὶ εσχον ουτως. ∆ιοκλητιανὸς δὲ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν λαχών, 3.159 ος ∆αλμάτης μὲν ην τὸ γένος,