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someone had won a cavalry victory, something equestrian was represented. But he who had saved a citizen from battle or another danger or from a siege had the greatest praise and received a crown made of oak, which was much more highly esteemed than all the silver and gold ones as being more honorable. And these were not given only to a man who had excelled individually, but were also furnished to whole companies and armies. And of the spoils, much was distributed to those who had served in the campaign; indeed some even distributed it to the whole 2.150 people and spent it on the festival and made it public property, and if anything was left over, they expended it on temples, on porticoes, or some other public work. After the triumphant general had done these things, he mounted the chariot. And the chariot was not like one for games or for war, but was fashioned in the manner of a circular tower. And he was not alone in the chariot, but if he had any children or relatives, he would put the girls and the male infants in it with him, and the older boys he would set upon the horses, both the yoke-horses and the trace-horses; and if there were more, they escorted the triumphing general, riding alongside on coursers. But none of the others rode; instead, all walked, crowned with laurel. However, a public slave rode in the chariot itself, holding over him the crown of precious stones set in gold, and said to him, "Look behind," that is, consider what is behind and what follows in life, and do not be puffed up by present circumstances and become arrogant. And a bell and a whip were hung from the chariot, indicative of the fact that he could also be unfortunate, so as to be tortured or even condemned to die. For it was customary for those condemned to die for some transgression to wear a bell, so that no one, by touching them as they walked, would be filled with pollution. Thus equipped, they entered the city, having their spoils and trophies preceding them, and in pictures, the captured fortresses adorned, cities and mountains and rivers, lakes, seas, and all the things whatsoever that had been captured. And if one day was sufficient for their procession; but if not, it was paraded on a second and a third day as well. When these had passed by in this way, the triumphant general 2.151 was brought into the Roman forum, and after ordering some of the captives to be led away to the prison and put to death, he drove up to the Capitol, and having performed certain rites there, and having brought forward votive offerings, and having dined in the porticoes there, toward evening he departed for home with flutes and pipes. Such were the victory celebrations of old; but the seditions and the dynasties made very many changes in them. But even if, as has already been related, the people hated Camillus, the war against the Falisci forced them to vote him military tribune. And they defeated them in battle, but while besieging their fortified city named Falerii, they accomplished nothing. For the people of the city so scorned the siege that even their children would go with their teacher to walk and exercise beside the walls. And they would have abandoned the siege, had something not happened. For this teacher, plotting against the citizens either out of some anger or in the hope of gain, led the boys out to the wall each day, close by at first, and immediately brought them back in again after they had exercised; but finally he threw them all into the hands of the Roman outposts and ordered them to be led to Camillus, and standing before him, he said that he was handing over the entire city through the children. But he, considering the deed to be terrible, and saying that the great general must 2.152 wage war trusting in his own virtue, not in another's wickedness, ordered the teacher to be stripped and his hands tied behind his back, and to give the boys rods and whips, so that by beating the traitor with these they might drive him into the city. And when the citizens had just learned of the betrayal, there was a running to the walls and a wailing of men and women. While they were in this state, the boys led the naked teacher toward them. When the Falisci saw this and learned how it had happened, bringing themselves willingly

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ἱπποκράτησέ τις, ἱππικόν τι ἐξετετύπωτο. ὁ δὲ πολίτην τινὰ ἐκ μάχης η ἑτέρου κινδύνου η ἐκ πολιορκίας σώσας μέγιστόν τε ειχε τὸν επαινον καὶ ἐλάμβανε στέφανον γινόμενον ἐκ δρυός, ος πολὺ πάντων καὶ τῶν ἀργυρῶν καὶ τῶν χρυσῶν ὡς ἐντιμότερος προτετίμητο. καὶ οὐ κατ' ανδρα μόνον ἀριστεύσαντα ταῦτα ἐδίδοτο, ἀλλὰ καὶ λόχοις καὶ στρατοπέδοις ολοις παρείχετο. καὶ τῶν λαφύρων πολλὰ μὲν τοῖς στρατευσαμένοις διανενέμητο· ηδη δέ τινες καὶ παντὶ 2.150 τῷ δήμῳ διέδοσαν καὶ ἐδαπάνων εἰς τὴν πανήγυριν καὶ ἐδημοσίευον, καὶ ει τι περιελέλειπτο, εἰς ναούς, εἰς στοὰς η καί τι ετερον δημόσιον εργον ἀνήλισκον. Ταῦθ' ὁ πομπεὺς ποιήσας εἰς τὸ αρμα ἀνέβαινε. τὸ δὲ δὴ αρμα ουτ' ἀγωνιστηρίῳ ουτε πολεμιστηρίῳ ην ἐμφερές, ἀλλ' ἐς πύργου περιφεροῦς τρόπον ἐξείργαστο. καὶ οὐ μόνος ην ἐν τῷ αρματι, ἀλλ' αν γε καὶ παῖδας η συγγενεῖς τινας ειχε, κἀκείνων τὰς μὲν κόρας καὶ τὰ αρρενα τὰ νεογνὰ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀνεβίβαζε, τοὺς δὲ ἁδροτέρους ἐπὶ τοὺς ιππους τούς τε ζυγίους καὶ τοὺς σειραφόρους ἀνετίθετο· εἰ δὲ πλείους ησαν, ἐπὶ κελήτων τῷ πομπεῖ παριππεύοντες συνεπόμπευον. τῶν δ' αλλων οὐδεὶς ὠχεῖτο, ἀλλ' ἐστεμμένοι δάφνῃ πάντες ἐβάδιζον. οἰκέτης μέντοι δημόσιος ἐπ' αὐτοῦ παρωχεῖτο τοῦ αρματος, τὸν στέφανον τῶν λίθων τῶν χρυσοδέτων ὑπερανέχων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ελεγε πρὸς αὐτόν "ὀπίσω βλέπε," τὸ κατόπιν δηλαδὴ καὶ τὰ ἐφεξῆς προσκόπει τοῦ βίου, μηδ' ὑπὸ τῶν παρόντων ἐπαρθῇς καὶ ὑπερφρονήσῃς. καὶ κώδων ἀπήρτητο καὶ μάστιξ τοῦ αρματος, ἐνδεικτικὰ τοῦ καὶ δυστυχῆσαι αὐτὸν δύνασθαι, ωστε καὶ αἰκισθῆναι η καὶ δικαιωθῆναι θανεῖν. τοὺς γὰρ ἐπί τινι ἀτοπήματι καταδικασθέντας θανεῖν νενόμιστο κωδωνοφορεῖν, ινα μηδεὶς βαδίζουσιν αὐτοῖς ἐγχριπτόμενος μιάσματος ἀναπίμπληται. ουτω δὲ σταλέντες εἰσῄεσαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν, εχοντες προπέμποντα σφῶν τὰ σκῦλά τε καὶ τὰ τρόπαια, καὶ ἐν εἰκόσι τά τε αἰχμάλωτα φρούρια ἠσκημένα, πόλεις τε καὶ ορη καὶ ποταμούς, λίμνας, θαλάσσας, τά τε σύμπαντα οσα ἑαλώκεσαν. καὶ εἰ μὲν μία ἡμέρα ην ἐξαρκοῦσα πρὸς τὴν τούτων πομπήν· εἰ δὲ μή, καὶ ἐν δευτέρᾳ καὶ τρίτῃ ἐπέμπετο. προδιελθόντων δ' ἐκείνων ουτως ὁ πομπεὺς 2.151 εἰς τὴν ̔Ρωμαίαν κομισθεὶς ἀγοράν, καὶ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων τινὰς εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἀπαχθῆναι καὶ θανατωθῆναι κελεύσας, ἀνήλαυνεν εἰς τὸ Καπιτώλιον, καί τινας ἐκεῖ τελετὰς πληρώσας, καὶ προσαγαγὼν ἀναθήματα, καὶ παρὰ ταῖς ἐκεῖ δειπνήσας στοαῖς, πρὸς ἑσπέραν οικαδε μετ' αὐλῶν καὶ συρίγγων ἀπήρχετο. τοιαῦτα μὲν ησαν πάλαι τὰ νικητήρια· αἱ δὲ στάσεις αι τε δυναστεῖαι πλεῖστα ἐνεωτέρισαν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς. Εἰ δὲ καί, ὡς ηδη ἱστόρηται, ὁ δῆμος ἐμίσει τὸν Κάμιλλον, ἀλλ' ὁ πρὸς Φαλίσκους πόλεμος ἠνάγκασε χιλίαρχον ψηφισθῆναι αὐτόν. καὶ αὐτοὺς μὲν ἐνίκησαν μαχεσάμενοι, πολιορκοῦντες δὲ πόλιν αὐτῶν ἐρυμνὴν Φαλερίους ὠνομασμένην οὐδὲν ηνυον. ουτω γὰρ τῆς πολιορκίας οἱ τῆς πόλεως κατεφρόνουν ὡς καὶ τοὺς παῖδας αὐτῶν παρὰ τὰ τείχη περιπατήσοντας μετὰ τοῦ διδασκάλου καὶ γυμνασομένους φοιτᾶν. καὶ καν ἀπέστησαν τῆς πολιορκίας, εἰ μή τι συμβέβηκεν. ουτος γὰρ ὁ διδάσκαλος ἐπιβουλεύων τοῖς πολίταις η δι' ὀργήν τινα η κέρδους ἐλπίδι ἡμέρας ἑκάστης ἐξῆγε τοὺς παῖδας ἐπὶ τὸ τεῖχος, ἐγγὺς τὸ πρῶτον, καὶ εἰσῆγεν αυθις αὐτοὺς γυμνασαμένους εὐθύς· τέλος δ' εἰς τοὺς προφύλακας τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων ἐνέβαλεν απαντας καὶ αγειν ἐκέλευσε πρὸς τὸν Κάμιλλον, καὶ παραστὰς αὐτῷ πᾶσαν ειπε παραδιδόναι τὴν πόλιν διὰ τῶν παίδων. ἐκεῖνος δὲ δεινὸν τὸ εργον ἡγησάμενος, καὶ ἀρετῇ φήσας ἰδίᾳ τὸν μέγαν στρατηγόν, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀλλοτρίᾳ κακίᾳ θαρροῦντα χρῆ2.152 ναι στρατεύειν, προσέταξε γυμνῶσαι μὲν τὸν διδάσκαλον καὶ δεσμῆσαι τὰς χεῖρας οπισθεν, τοῖς δὲ παισὶ ῥάβδους δοῦναι καὶ μάστιγας, ινα ταύταις τὸν προδότην τύπτοντες εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἐλαύνωσι. τῶν δὲ πολιτῶν αρτι γνόντων τὴν προδοσίαν δρόμος ην ἐπὶ τὰ τείχη καὶ θρῆνος ἀνδρῶν τε καὶ γυναικῶν. ουτω δὲ διακειμένων αὐτῶν προσῆγον οἱ παῖδες γυμνὸν τὸν διδάσκαλον. οπερ ἰδόντες οἱ Φαλίσκοι καὶ μαθόντες οπως ἐγένετο, φέροντες ἑαυτοὺς ἐθελονταὶ