370

was pleased, and that having the greatest influence with him, so as to give honors and offices to many, he himself lived out his life in the equestrian order and was not arrogant. But Augustus, seeing that Gaius and Lucius his grandsons, whom he had also adopted, were not emulating his character—for they not only lived more luxuriously, but were also insolent—and wishing to make them more disciplined like private citizens, he assigned2.447 to Tiberius the tribunician power for five years and allotted to him Armenia, which was becoming alienated after the death of Tigranes. But he gained nothing from this. For the boys, thinking they were being slighted, were annoyed, and Tiberius feared their anger; for this reason he had not gone away to Armenia, but arrived in Rhodes. In the following year, while consul for the twelfth time, Augustus enrolled Gaius among the ephebes and at the same time introduced him into the senate and declared him princeps iuventutis and allowed him to become a commander of a cavalry squadron of a tribe. And after a year Lucius also received the honors that had been given to his brother Gaius. When the people assembled and demanded that some things be corrected, and for this reason sent the tribunes to Augustus, he came and deliberated with them about what they needed; and at this all were pleased. But having discovered his daughter Julia behaving licentiously, he became enraged; and he banished her to an island, where her mother Scribonia willingly sailed with her, and of those who had consorted with her, he executed Iullus Antonius and some other prominent men as aspiring to the monarchy, and the rest he exiled to certain islands. When the Armenians revolted and the Parthians collaborated with them, Augustus was grieved at these things and was at a loss what he should do. For he was not able to campaign himself because of old age, and Tiberius, as has been said, had already withdrawn, and he did not dare2.448 to send any other of the powerful men; but Gaius and Lucius were young and happened to be inexperienced in affairs. But since necessity was pressing, he chose Gaius, and gave him proconsular power and a wife, so that from this he might also gain some prestige, and he assigned advisors to him. And he set out, being honorably received by all as being considered the grandson or even son of the emperor, and Tiberius came to Chios and paid him respects, trying to dispel suspicions, and for this reason humbling and abasing himself; but having gone away to Syria and accomplished nothing great, he was wounded. For a certain Addon, who held Artageira, lured Gaius to the wall as if to tell him something secret, and wounded him. The one, therefore, being besieged, was captured, but Gaius fell ill from the wound, and being in other respects not healthy, for which reason his mind was also enfeebled, he became much more dull-witted, and asked to live as a private citizen; so that Augustus, deeply grieved, urged him to come to Italy and do what he wished. But he sailed along in a merchant ship to Lycia, where indeed he also passed away. And his brother Lucius had died before, having died from a sudden illness. Therefore both Livia and Tiberius were suspected in their deaths, the latter having returned from Rhodes to Rome not long before. For he himself was most experienced in divination through the stars and had with him Thrasyllus, a man most expert in astrology; whence he knew both what was going to happen to himself and to them. At any rate it is said that Tiberius, once wishing in Rhodes to push Thrasyllus from the wall, as the only one privy to his thoughts, and seeing him looking gloomy, asked him why he was downcast; and when he2.449 said he foresaw some danger hanging over him, Tiberius was amazed, and wished to keep him for himself because of his hopes. But these things were so; and Augustus, having been named master by the people, and having forbidden anyone to use this address toward him, lent fifteen million drachmas without interest to those in need for three years, and was praised and revered by all. And among the Romans twenty-five drachmas are equivalent to a gold piece

370

ηρεσκε, καὶ οτι πλεῖστον παρ' αὐτῷ δυνηθείς, ωστε πολλοῖς καὶ τιμὰς καὶ ἀρχὰς δοῦναι, αὐτὸς ἐν τῷ τῶν ἱππέων τέλει κατεβίω καὶ οὐχ ὑπερεφρόνησεν. ̔Ορῶν δὲ ὁ Αυγουστος τόν τε Γάιον καὶ τὸν Λούκιον τοὺς ἐγγόνους αὐτοῦ, ους καὶ υἱοθετήσατο, μὴ τὰ ηθη ζηλοῦντας αὐτοῦ, οὐ γὰρ ἁβρότερον διῆγον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐθρασύνοντο, καὶ βουληθεὶς αὐτοὺς σωφρονεστέρους θέσθαι ὡς ἰδιώτας, τῷ Τιβερίῳ εἰς πέντε ετη τὴν δημαρχικὴν ἐξουσίαν ἀπέ2.447 νειμε καὶ τὴν ̓Αρμενίαν ἀλλοτριουμένην μετὰ τὸν τοῦ Τιγράνου θάνατον προσεκλήρωσεν. οὐδὲν δ' ἐκ τούτου ἀπώνατο. οἱ μὲν γὰρ παῖδες παρορᾶσθαι δόξαντες ηχθοντο, ὁ δὲ Τιβέριος τὴν ὀργὴν αὐτῶν ἐφοβήθη· διὸ οὐδ' εἰς ̓Αρμενίαν ἀπεληλύθει, ἀλλ' εἰς ̔Ρόδον ἀφίκετο. τῷ δ' ἐφεξῆς ετει δωδέκατον ὑπατεύων ὁ Αυγουστος εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους τὸν Γάιον εταξε καὶ ἐς τὸ βουλευτήριον αμα εἰσήγαγε καὶ πρόκριτον ἀπέφηνε τῆς νεότητος ιλαρχόν τε φυλῆς γενέσθαι ἐπέτρεψε. καὶ μετ' ἐνιαυτὸν καὶ ὁ Λούκιος τὰς τιμὰς οσαι τῷ Γαΐῳ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ ἐδέδοντο ελαβεν. ἀθροισθέντος δὲ τοῦ δήμου καὶ ἐπανορθωθῆναί τινα ἀξιοῦντος καὶ τοὺς δημάρχους διὰ τοῦτο πρὸς τὸν Αυγουστον πέμψαντος, ηλθεν ἐκεῖνος καὶ περὶ ων ἐδέοντο σφίσι συνδιεσκέψατο· καὶ ἐπὶ τούτῳ ησθησαν απαντες. τὴν δὲ θυγατέρα ̓Ιουλίαν ἀσελγαίνουσαν φωράσας ὑπερωργίσθη· καὶ ἐκείνην μὲν εἰς νῆσον ἀπήγαγεν ὑπερόριον, ῃ καὶ ἡ μήτηρ ἡ Σκριβωνία ἑκοῦσα συνεξέπλευσε, τῶν δὲ δὴ χρησαμένων αὐτῇ τὸν μὲν ̓Ιούλιον ̓Αντώνιον εκτεινεν αλλους τέ τινας ἐπιφανεῖς ανδρας ὡς τῆς μοναρχίας ἐφιεμένους, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς εἰς νήσους τινὰς ὑπερώρισε. Τῶν ̓Αρμενίων δὲ νεωτερισάντων καὶ τῶν Πάρθων αὐτοῖς συνεργούντων ἀλγῶν ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁ Αυγουστος ἠπόρει τί αν πράξῃ. ουτε γὰρ αὐτὸς στρατεῦσαι οιός τε ην διὰ γῆρας, ο τε Τιβέριος, ὡς ειρηται, μετέστη ηδη, αλλον δέ τινα πέμψαι τῶν δυνατῶν οὐκ 2.448 ἐτόλμα· ὁ Γάιος δὲ καὶ ὁ Λούκιος νέοι καὶ πραγμάτων ἐτύγχανον απειροι. ἀνάγκης δ' ἐπικειμένης τὸν Γάιον ειλετο, καὶ τήν τε ἐξουσίαν αὐτῷ τὴν ἀνθύπατον καὶ γυναῖκα εδωκεν, ινα κἀκ τούτου τι προσλάβῃ ἀξίωμα, καί οἱ καὶ συμβούλους προσέταξε. καὶ ὁ μὲν ἀφωρμήθη ἐντίμως παρὰ πάντων ὑποδεχόμενος οια τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος εγγονος η καὶ παῖς νομιζόμενος, καὶ ὁ Τιβέριος δ' ἐς Χίον ἐλθὼν αὐτὸν ἐθεράπευσε, τὰς ὑποψίας ἀποτριβόμενος, ὑποπίπτων τε διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ταπεινούμενος· ἀπελθὼν δὲ εἰς τὴν Συρίαν καὶ μηδὲν μέγα κατωρθωκὼς ἐτρώθη. Αδδων γάρ τις τὰ ̓Αρτάγειρα κατέχων ὑπηγάγετο παρὰ τὸ τεῖχος τὸν Γάιον ως τι φράσων ἀπόρρητον, καὶ αὐτὸν ετρωσεν. ὁ μὲν ουν πολιορκηθεὶς ηλω, ὁ δὲ Γάιος ἐνόσησεν ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος, καὶ αλλως μέντοι μὴ ων ὑγιεινός, διὸ καὶ τὴν διάνοιαν ἐξελέλυτο, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἀπημβλύνθη, καὶ ἰδιωτεύειν ἠξίου· ωστε τὸν Αυγουστον περιαλγήσαντα προτρέψασθαι αὐτῷ ἐς τὴν ̓Ιταλίαν ἐλθόντι πράττειν ο βούλοιτο. ὁ δὲ ἐς Λυκίαν ἐν ὁλκάδι παρέπλευσεν, ενθα δὴ καὶ μετήλλαξεν. ὁ δὲ Λούκιος ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ προαπέσβη, ἐξαίφνης νόσῳ ἀποθανών. η τε ουν Λιβία ἐπὶ τῷ θανάτῳ τούτων ὑπωπτεύθη καὶ ὁ Τιβέριος, οὐ πολλῷ πρότερον ἐκ τῆς ̔Ρόδου πρὸς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ὑπονοστήσας. αὐτός τε γὰρ τῆς διὰ τῶν αστρων μαντικῆς ἐμπειρότατος ην καὶ Θράσυλλον ειχεν ανδρα τὴν ἀστρολογίαν ἀκρότατον· οθεν καὶ τὰ ἑαυτῷ καὶ τὰ ἐκείνοις μέλλοντα συμβαίνειν ἠπίστατο. λέγεται γοῦν οτι βουληθείς ποτε ὁ Τιβέριος ἐν τῇ ̔Ρόδῳ τὸν Θράσυλλον ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους ωσειν, ὡς μόνον συνειδότα οσαπερ ἐνενόει, σκυθρωπάσαντά τε ἰδὼν αὐτόν, ηρετο δι' ο,τι συννένοφε· τοῦ δὲ 2.449 κίνδυνόν τινα προορᾶν ἐπηρτημένον αὐτῷ φήσαντος ἐθαύμασεν ὁ Τιβέριος, καὶ φυλάξαι αὐτὸν ἑαυτῷ διὰ τὰς ἐλπίδας ἠθέλησεν. ̓Αλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ουτω· ὁ δὲ Αυγουστος δεσπότης ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου ὀνομασθείς, καὶ ἀπειπάμενος μηδένα πρὸς αὐτὸν κεχρῆσθαι τούτῳ δὴ τῷ προσρήματι, χιλίας τε καὶ πεντακοσίας μυριάδας δραχμῶν ἀτόκους τοῖς δεομένοις δανείσας ἐπ' ετη τρία, ἐπῃνεῖτο παρὰ πάντων καὶ ἐσεμνύνετο. δύνανται δὲ παρὰ ̔Ρωμαίοις αἱ εικοσι καὶ πέντε δραχμαὶ χρυσοῦν