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But by nature the Father is not in every way greater, from this one can conclude, ‘The greater is not in every way greater,’ or, ‘The Father is not in every way Father.’ But that what is said may become clearer and more concise for us, let us, if it seems good, diagram it, beginning from the argument of our opponents, and ending with the teaching of the Father.

Proposition of the Arians, that is, the Eunomians: "If the Father is by nature the cause of the Son, and the Father is greater than the Son, then the Father is greater than the Son by nature." Refutation by our holy Father Gregory, who turns back the opponents through a reduction to absurdity: "If according to you the Father is by nature greater than the Son, but by nature he is not in every way greater or Father, then the greater is not greater, or the Father is not in every way Father."

Thus are those who deny the truth overturned, caught by their own devices, empty men emptily cast out from piety. For in such arguments, the conclusions are constitutive of the propositions, and the propositions are definitive of the conclusions, into which those who think themselves wise have fallen from great ignorance.

And let it be of energy, if it seems good, not even so will you capture us. For he would have energized this very thing, the consubstantial, even if the supposition of energy in this matter is otherwise absurd."

Since those who have their tongue sharpened like a razor against the truth would say, pretending to ask: Is the Father a name of substance, or of energy? so that from this they might infer that the Son is of a different substance from the Father, as the same substance does not admit of two different proper names (for if ‘Father’ is a name of substance, ‘Son’ could never be a name of the same); but if of energy, that they might clearly show that they confess the Son to be a work of the Father, as an effect, after the teacher had straightway gone through the literal meaning antithetically to them, having said that the name Father is neither of substance nor of energy, but of relation, and of how the Father is related to the Son, or the Son to the Father, he condescendingly introduced by saying: "Let it also be of energy, if this seems good," and he adds: "For he would have energized this very thing, the consubstantial." How then does he energize the consubstantial? one of the excessively inquisitive might perhaps ask, who cannot bear to be ignorant of anything beneficial. But this will be smoothed out in the following way. They say there are two energies in general among beings, 1268) one which naturally brings forth from beings those that are of the same kind and consubstantial and in every way identical to them. In accordance with this, condescending to the idle talkers with forbearance, that he might at least for a little restrain them from blaspheming, the teacher says, "Let it be according to you," according to the given scope of the argument, "and the Father a name of energy." To which he adds: "And the Father would have energized this very thing," that is, the consubstantial, as a substantially existing and living energy, just as, indeed, the divinely-wise teachers of the truth have called the only-begotten Word and Son of God a living Word and a Power and a self-subsistent Wisdom. But the other energy they say is productive of external things, according to which someone, acting upon something external and of a different substance, fabricates something other and foreign to his own substance from some pre-existing matter. And this energy, they say, is scientifically composed in the arts. Concerning which the divinely-wise teacher says, "Even if it is otherwise absurd," that is, beside the manner in which it was taken, "The supposition of energy in this matter," and especially when it is taken with respect to the Father and the Son, for whom the pious mind cannot bear to accept even the first properly,

485

Φύσει δέ οὐ πάντως μεῖζον οὐδέ Πατήρ, ἐντεῦθεν συναγαγεῖν, Τό μεῖζον οὐ πάντως μεῖζον, ἤ, Ὁ Πατήρ οὐ πάντως Πατήρ. Πρός δέ τό σαφέστερον ἡμῖν γενέσθαι καί συνεκτικώτερον διαγράψωμεν, εἰ δοκεῖ, σχήματι τό λεγόμενον, ἐκ μέν τῆς τῶν ἐναντίων ἐπιχειρήσεως ἀρχόμενοι, εἰς δέ τήν τοῦ Πατρός καταπαύοντες διδασκαλίαν.

Πρότασις Ἀρειανῶν, ἤγουν Εὐνομιανῶν· " Εἰ φύσει αἴτιος ὁ Πατήρ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, μείζων δέ ὁ Πατήρ του Υἱοῦ, μείζων ἄρα τῇ φύσει ὁ Πατήρ τοῦ Υἱοῦ." Ἐπίλυσις τοῦ ἁγίου Πατρός ἡμῶν Γρηγορίου διά τῆς εἰς ἄτοπον ἀπαγωγῆς περιτρέποντος τούς ἐναντίου· " Εἰ φύσει μείζων καθ' ὑμᾶς ὁ Πατήρ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, τό δέ φύσει οὐ πάντως μείζων ἤ Πατήρ. τό μεῖζον ἄρα οὐ μεῖζον, ἤ ὁ Πατήρ οὐ πάντως Πατήρ."

Οὕτω περιτρέπονται τοῖς οἰκείοις ἑαλακότες μηχανήμασιν οἱ τήν ἀλήθειαν ἀπαναινόμενοι, κενοί κενῶς τῆς εὐσεβείας ἐκτιναχθέντες. Ἐπί γάρ τῶν τοιούτων λόγων τά συμπεράσματα τῶν προτάσεών εἰσι συστατικά, τῶν δέ συμπερασμάτων αἱ προτάσεις ὑπάρχουσιν ὁριστικαί, οἷς περιπτώκασιν ἐκ πολλῆς ἀμαθίας οἱ ἑαυτούς οἰόμενοι σοφούς.

Ἔστω δέ καί ἐνεργείας, εἰ δοκεῖ, οὐδέ οὕτως ἡμᾶς αἱρήσετε. Αὐτό δέ τοῦτο ἐνεργηκώς ἄν εἴη τό ὁμούσιον, εἰ καί ἄτοπος ἄλλως ἡ τῆς περί τοῦτο ἐνεργείας ὑπόληψις."

Ἐπειδή οἱ τήν γλῶσσαν ὡσεί ξυρόν κατά τῆς ἀληθείας ἠκονημένην ἔχοντες ἔλεγον δῆθεν ἐρωτῶντες· Ὁ Πατήρ οὐσίας ἐστίν, ἤ ἐνεργείας ὄνομα εἶναι τό, Πατήρ, ἐντεῦθεν συναγάγωσι τό ἑτερούσιον εἶναι τῷ Πατρί τόν Υἱόν, ὡς τῆς αὐτῆς οὐσίας δύο μή ἐπιδεχομένης καί διάφορα κυρίως ὀνόματα (εἰ γάρ τό Πατήρ οὐσίας ἐστίν ὄνομα, οὐκ ἄν ποτε τῆς αὐτῆς ὄνομα εἴη τό Υἱός)· εἰ δέ ἐνεργείας, σαφῶς τοῦ Πατρός ποιήμα τόν Υἱόν ὁμολογοῦντας δείξωσιν, ὡς ἐνέργημα, μετά τό τήν κυριολεξίαν ἀντιθετικῶς διελθεῖν εὐθέως πρός αὐτούς τόν διδάσκαλον εἰρηκότα οὔτε οὐσίας εἶναι τό πατήρ ὄνομα, οὔτε ἐνεργείας, ἀλλά σχέσεως, καί τοῦ πῶς ἔχει πρός τόν Υἱόν ὁ Πατήρ, ἤ ὁ Υἱός πρός τόν Πατέρα, συμπεριφορικῶς ἐνήγαγεν εἰπών· " Ἔστω καί ἐνεργείας, εἰ τοῦτο δοκεῖ," καί ἐπιφέρει· "Αὐτό δέ τοῦτο ἐνηργηκώς ἄν εἴη τό ὁμοούσιον." Πῶς οὖν ἐνεργεῖ τό ὁμοούσιον; ζητήσαι τις ἄν τυχόν τῶν ἄγαν ἐξεταστικῶν καί μηδέν τῶν συμφερόντων ἀγνοεῖν ἀνεχομένων. Τοῦτο δέ κατά τοιόνδε τρόπον ὁμαλισθήσεται. ∆ύο καθόλου τάς ἐνεργείας εἶναί φασιν ἐν τοῖς οὖσι, 1268) μίαν μέν τήν προάγουσαν ἐκ τῶν ὄντων φυσικῶς τά ὁμογενῆ καί ὁμοούσια καί ἑαυτοῖς πάντη ταὐτά. Καθ᾿ ἥν συμπεριενεχθείς τοῖς λογολέσχαις ἐπιεικῶς πρός τό μικρόν γοῦν ἐπισχεῖν αὐτούς τοῦ βλασφημεῖν φησιν ὁ διδάσκαλος. " Ἔστω δέ καθ᾿ ὑμᾶς," κατά τόν ἀποδοθέντα σκοπόν τοῦ λόγου, " καί ἐνεργείας ὄνομα ὁ Πατήρ. Οἷς ἐπάγει· "Αὐτό δέ τοῦτο ἐνηργηκώς ἄν εἴη ὁ Πατήρ," δηλονότι τό ὁμοούσιον, ὡς ἐνέργειαν οὐσιωδῶς ὑφεστῶσαν καί ζῶσαν,ὥσπερ οὖν ἀμέλει καί λόγον ζῶντα καί δύναμιν καί σοφίαν αὐθυπόστατον τόν μονογενῆ Θεοῦ Λόγον καί Υἱόν τοῦ Πατρός εἰρήκασιν οἱ θεόφρονες τῆς ἀληθείας διδάσκαλοι. Τήν δέ ἑτέραν ἐνέργειάν φασιν εἶναι τῶν ἐκτός ἀπεργαστικήν, καθ᾿ ἥν περί τι τῶν ἔξωθεν καί ἑτερούσιων ἐνεργῶν τις ἕτερόν τι τῆς ἰδίας οὐσίας ἀλλότριον ἐκ προϋποκειμένη ὕλης τινός κατασκευάζει. Ταύτην δέ τήν ἐνέργειαν ταῖς τέχναις ἐπιστημονικῶς συγκεῖσθαί φασι. Περί ἧς ὁ θεόφρων διδάσκαλός φησι, "Εί καί ἄτοπος ἄλλως," παρ᾿ ὅν ἐλήφθη δηλονότι τρόπον, " Ἡ τῆς περί τοῦτο ἐνεργείας ὑπόληψις," καί μάλιστα ἐπί Πατρός καί Υἱοῦ λαμβανομένης, ἐφ᾿ ὧν οὐδέ τήν πρώτην κυρίως δέξασθε ὁ εὐσεβής ἀνέχεται νοῦς,