339

Aeschines. Bronze is a mirror of the form, but wine of the mind.

Anacharsis. When the mixing bowl is set by the hearth, the first is for health; the second for pleasure; the third, for insolence; the last, for madness.

Plato. A drunken pilot, and every ruler of anything, overturns all, whether a ship, or a chariot, or an army, or whatever it may be that is steered by him.

Of Sophocles. Sophocles found fault with Aeschylus, because he wrote when drunk. For even if he does what is fitting, he says, yet he does it not knowingly.

Epictetus. The vine bears three clusters: the first of pleasure; the second of drunkenness; the third of insolence

In wine do not be talkative, showing off your learning; for you will utter bilious things.

A drunkard is one who drinks more than three; even if you are not drunk, you have exceeded the measure.

DISCOURSE 31.

Concerning boldness and reproof. John 7. No one does anything in secret and seeks to be in boldness himself.

If our heart does not condemn us, we have boldness toward God; and whatever we ask, we receive from him, because we keep his commandments, and we do the things that are pleasing in his sight.

Sirach 8. Do not kindle the coals of sinners by reproving them, lest you be burned in the flame of the fire of their sins.

Proverbs 17. He gives power to words, a principle of righteousness.

Of Basil. Reproof seems to have as its end the correction of the sinner; but reproach is for the disgrace of the one who has stumbled.

The one who keeps silent, and does not reprove the sin of his brother, is without compassion, like one who leaves the poison in him who has been bitten by a venomous creature.

Of the Theologian. It is much better to benefit most greatly by grieving a little, than to cause loss in the principal thing while pursuing pleasure.

For I consider it a greater good to be reproved than to reprove (888); inasmuch as it is a greater thing to be delivered from evil oneself than to deliver another.

Chrysostom. To speak boldly in a simple manner is often the mark even of ordinary people; but to do so for a necessary end and at the fitting time, and to handle the matter with appropriate moderation and understanding, requires a very great and admirable soul.

A lawful life is the creator of boldness.

339

Αἰσχίν. Κάτοπτρον εἴδους χαλκός ἐστ᾿, οἶνος δέ νοῦ.

Ἀνάχαρσις. Κιρναμένου κρατῆρος ἐφεστίου, τόν μέν πρῶτον ὑγείας· τόν δέ δεύτερον ἡδονῆς· τόν δέ τρίτον, ὕβρεως· τόν δέ τελευταῖον, μανίας.

Πλάτων. Μεθύων κυβερνήτης, καί πᾶς παντός ἄρχων, ἀνατρέπει πάντα, εἴτε πλοῖον, εἴτε ἅρμα, εἴτε στρατόπεδον, εἴτε ὅ τί ποτε εἴη τό κυβερνώμενον ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ.

Σοφοκλέους. Σοφοκλής ἐμέμφετο Αἰσχύλῳ, ὅτι μεθύων ἔγραφε. Καί γάρ εἰ τά δέοντα ποιεῖ, φησίν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ εἰδώς γε.

Ἐπικτήτ. Ἡ ἄμπελος τρεῖς βότρυας φέρει, τόν μέν πρῶτον ἡδονῆς· τόν δέ δεύτερον μέθης· τόν τρίτον ὕβρεως

Ἐν οἴνω μή πολυλόγει, ἐοιδεικνύμενος παιδείαν· χολερά γάρ ἀποφθέγξῃ.

Μέθυσός ἐστιν ὁ τριῶν πίνων πλέον, Κἄν μή μεθύσῃ, ὑπερέβης τό μέτρον.

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΛΑ´.

Περί παῤῥησίας καί τοῦ ἐλέγχου. Ἰωάν. ζ´. Οὐδείς ἐν κρυπτῷ τί ποιεῖ, καί ζητεῖ αὐτός ἐν παῤῥησίᾳ εἶναι.

Ἐάν ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν μή καταγινώσκει ἡμῶν, παῤῥησίαν ἔχομεν πρός τόν Θεόν· καί ὅ μέν αἰτοῦμεν, λαμβάνομεν, παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι τάς ἐντολάς αὐτοῦ τηρῶμεν, καί τά ἀρεστά ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ πιῶμεν.

Σιράχ η´. Μή ἐκκαίης, ἄνθρακας ἁμαρτωλούς ἐλέγχων, μή ἐμπρησθῇς ἐν φλογί πυρός ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν.

Παροιμ. ιζ΄ . Ἐξουσίαν δίδωσι λόγοις, ἀρχή δικαιοσύνης.

Βασιλείου. Ἔοικεν ὁ μέν ἔλγχος τέλος ἔχειν τήν διόρθωσιν τῦ ἁμαρτάνοντος· ὁ δέ ὀνειδισμός, ἐπί ἀσχημοσύνῃ τοῦ ἐπταικότος γίνεται.

Ὁ ἐφησυχάζων, καί μή ἐλέγχων τήν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ, ἄσπλαγχνός ἐστιν, ὥσπερ ὁ τόν ἰόν ἐναφείς τῷ δηχθέντι ὑπό τοῦ ἰοβόλου.

Θεολόγου. Πολλῷ βέλτιον βραχέα λυπήσαντα μέγιστα ὠφελῆσαι, ἤ τό πρός ἡδονήν διώκοντα ζημιῶσαι τῷ κεφαλαίῳ.

Μεῖζον γάρ ἀγαθόν τό ἐλεγχθῆναι, τοῦ ἐλέγξαι (888) νομίζω· ὅσῳ μεῖζόν ἐστιν, τό αὐτόν ἀπαλλαγῆναι κακοῦ, τοῦ ἄλλον ἀπαλλάξαι.

Χρυσόστ. Τό μέν ἁπλῶς παῤῥησιάζεσθαι, καί τῶν τυχόντων πολλάκις· τό δέ εἰς τό δέον καί καιρῷ τῷ προσηκόντι, καί μετά τῆς ἁρμοττούσης συμμετρίας καί συνέσεως τῷ πράγματι χρήσασθαι, μεγάλης λίαν καί θαυμαστῆς δεῖται ψυχῆς.

Ἔννομος ζωή, παῤῥησίας δημιουργός.