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fabricating things that are not, and what is more grievous, lying against this blessed father as if he thought these things, whereby they are not only able with impunity to hold that souls come from a prior form of life into bodies for the punishment of previous evils, but also reasonably attempt to deceive others that it is so through the credibility of their persons—acting neither rightly nor piously—but leaving them as they are, we shall piously examine the mind of the teacher in another way, in addition to what has been said.

I do not think that he wishes here (1092) to explain the cause of human generation, but of the misery that has come upon it. For having lamented the wretchedness of our body by saying, " O this conjunction and this alienation! What I fear, I embrace, and what I love, I dread," and what follows, and having, as it were, wondered to himself about the cause of the evils by which we are held fast and of the most wise providence in this, by saying, "What is the wisdom concerning me, and what is this great mystery? " he adds the solution, stating it clearly thus: "This is its will: that we, being a portion of God and having flowed from above—lest being lifted up and exalted by our dignity we should despise the Creator—should in the struggle and battle with the body always look to Him, and that our conjoined weakness should be a discipline for our dignity." As if he were saying, since man was made by God from soul and body out of goodness, for this purpose: that the rational and intellectual soul given to him, existing as it does in the image of its maker, should, on the one hand, by its desire and the complete love from its whole strength, cling tenaciously and with knowledge to God and, having acquired the likeness, be deified; and, on the other hand, according to its knowledgeable providence toward what is subordinate and the commandment that bids us to love our neighbor as ourselves, should wisely take hold of the body, both to make it rational through virtues and to appropriate it to God as a fellow servant through its own mediation, making the maker an indweller, and making Him who bound them together an indissoluble bond of the given immortality for it; so that what God is to the soul, this the soul might become to the body, and the Creator of all things might be shown to be one, analogously pervading all beings through humanity, and the many things, distinct from one another by nature, might come to one, converging with one another around the one nature of man, and God Himself might become all in all, having taken all things and given them subsistence in Himself, through the fact that nothing among beings any longer possesses its own motion or is devoid of His presence—by which presence we both are and are called gods and children and body and members and a portion of God and such things, with reference to the end of the divine purpose.

Since, therefore, man was made for this purpose, but in the person of the forefather he used his faculty for the worse, transferring his desire from what was permitted to what was forbidden (for he had free will, and being deceived, he chose to be joined to a harlot and become one body rather than to be joined to the Lord and become one spirit; and he willingly alienated himself from the divine and blessed purpose of being God by grace, preferring by choice to become dust), God, who administers our salvation, wisely and lovingly (1093) and in a way befitting His own goodness, attached the punishment that duly follows upon the irrational movement of the intellectual power within us, punishing with death that very thing—plausibly enough—around which we had squandered the power of love that is owed by the intellect to God alone, so that we who love what is nothing, having at last learned through suffering, might be taught to lead this power back again to that which truly is. Which, as he proceeds, he makes more manifest, saying, "But for me, also for this reason

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μή ὄντα πλαττόμενοι, καί τό δή τούτου βαρύτερον, καί τοῦ μακαρίου τούτου πατρός ὡς ταῦτα φρονοῦντος καταψευδόμενοι, ἐφ᾿ ᾧ μή μόνον αὐτούς ἐκ προτέρου εἴδους ζωῆς τάς ψυχάς εἰς σώματα ἐλθεῖν ἐπί τιμωρίᾳ τῶν προγεγονότων κακῶν φρονεῖν ἐπ᾿ ἀδείας δύνασθαι, ἀλλά καί ἄλλους ἀπατᾷν οὕτως ἔχειν εὐλόγως ἐπιχειρεῖν διά τῆς τῶν προσώπων ἀξιοπιστίας, οὐ καλῶς οὐδ᾿ ὁσίως πράττοντας, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκείνους ἔχοντας ἀφέντες ὡς ἔχουσιν αὐτοί εὐσεβῶς ἡμεῖς τόν νοῦν τοῦ διδασκάλου πρός τοῖς εἰρημένοις καί κατ᾿ ἄλλον σκοπήσομεν τρόπον.

Οὐκ οἶμαι τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης αὐτόν γενέσεως ἐνταῦθα, (1092) ἀλλά τῆς ἐπιγενομένης αὐτῇ ταλαιπωρίας τήν αἰτίαν ἀφηγεῖσθαι βούλεσθαι. Θρηνήσας γάρ τοῦ σώματος ἡμῶν τήν ἐλεεινότητα διά τοῦ εἰπεῖν, " Ὤ τῆς συζυγίας καί τῆς ἀλλοτριώσεως ! ὅ φοβοῦμαι, περιέπω, καί ὅ στέργω, δέδοικα," καί τά ἑξῆς, καί οἷον πρός ἑαυτόν διαπορήσας περί τῆς αἰτίας τῶν οἷς ἐνισχήμεθα κακῶν καί τῆς κατ᾿ αὐτήν σοφωτάτης προνοίας διά τοῦ φάναι. " Τίς ἡ περί ἐμέ σοφία, καί τί τό μέγα τοῦτο μυστήριον; " ἐπάγει τήν λύσιν τρανῶς ποιούμενος οὕτως· " Ἡ βούλεται μοῖραν ἡμᾶς ὄντας Θεοῦ καί ἄνωθεν ῥεύσαντας, ἵνα μή διά τήν ἀξίαν ἐπαιρόμενοι καί μετεωριζόμενοι καταφρονῶμεν τοῦ Κτίσαντος, ἐν τῇ πρός τό σῶμα πάλῃ καί μάχῃ πρός αὐτόν ἀεί βλέπειν, καί τήν συνεζευγμένην ἀσθένειαν παιδαγωγίαν εἶναι τοῦ ἀξιώματος." Ὡσανεί ἔλεγεν, ἐπειδήπερ ἐκ ψυχῆς καί σώματος δι᾿ ἀγαθότητα ὁ ἄνθρωπος γέγονε παρά τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐφ᾿ ᾧ τήν δοθεῖσαν αὐτῷ λογικήν τε καί νοεράν ψυχήν, ἅτε δή κατ᾿ εἰκόνα τοῦ ποιήσαντος αὐτήν ὑπάρχουσαν, κατά μέν τήν ἔφεσιν καί τήν ἐξ ὅλης δυνάμεως ὁλικήν ἀγάπην ἀπρίξ Θεοῦ γνωστικῶς ἐχομένην, καί τό καθ᾿ ὁμοίωσιν προσλαβοῦσαν θεωθῆναι, κατά δέ τήν ἐπιστημονικήν πρός τό ὑφείμενον πρόνοιαν, καί τήν περί τό ἀγαπᾷν τόν πλησίον ὡς ἑαυτόν κελεύουσαν ἐντολήν, ἐμφρόνως τοῦ σώματος ἀντεχομένην, λογίσαι τε δι᾿ ἀρετῶν αὐτό καί οἰκειῶσαι Θεῷ ὡς ὁμόδουλον δι᾿ ἑαυτῆς μεσιτευούσης τόν ποιητήν ἔνοικον, καί τῆς δοθείσης ἀθανασίας ἄλυτον δεσμόν αὐτόν ποιησομένην αὐτῷ τόν συνδήσαντα, ἵν᾿ ὅπερ ἐστί Θεός ψυχῇ, τοῦτο ψυχή σώματι γένηται, καί εἷς ἀποδειχθῇ τῶν ὅλων ∆ημιουργός, ἀναλόγως διά τῆς ἀνθρωπόητος πᾶσιν ἐπιβατεύων τοῖς οὖσι, καί εἰς ἕν ἔλθῃ τά πολλά ἀλλήλων κατά τήν φύσιν διεστηκότα περί τήν μίαν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου φύσιν ἀλλήλοις συννεύοντα, καί γένηται τά πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν αὐτός ὁ Θεός, πάντα παραλαβών καί ἐνυποστήσας ἑαυτῷ, διά τοῦ μηδέν ἔτι τῶν ὄντων κεκτῆσθαι τήν κίνησιν, καί τῆς αὐτοῦ ἄμοιρον παρουσίας, καθ᾿ ἥν καί θεοί καί τέκνα καί σῶμα καί μέλη καί μοῖρα Θεοῦ καί τά τοιαῦτά ἐσμεν καί λεγόμεθα τῇ πρός τό τέλος ἀναφορᾷ τοῦ θείου σκοποῦ.

Ἐπειδή τοίνυν τοῦτο καί ἐπί τούτῳ ὁ ἄνθρωπος γέγονεν, ἐν δέ τῷ προπάτορι τῷ ἑτοίμῳ πρός ἐξουσίαν ἐπί χεῖρον ἐχρήσατο, μετενεγκών ἐκ τοῦ ἐπιτετραμμένου πρός τό κεκωλυμένον τήν ὄρεξιν (καί γάρ ἦν αὐτεξούσιος, καί τοῦ κολληθῆναι τῷ Κυρίῳ καί ἕν πνεῦμα γεγέσθαι, καί τοῦ κολληθῆναι τῇ πόρνῃ καί ἕν σῶμα γενέσθαι, ἀπατηθείς προείλετο, καί τοῦ θείου καί μακαρίου σκοποῦ ἑκών ἑαυτόν ἀπεξένωσε, τοῦ Θεός εἶναι, χάριτι τό χοῦς γενέσθαι καθ᾿ αἵρεσιν προτιμήσας) , σοφῶς ἅμα καί φιλανθρώπως (1093) καί τῇ αὐτοῦ πρεπόντως ἀγαθότητι ὁ τήν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν οἰκονομῶν Θεός τῇ παραλόγῳ κινήσει τῆς ἐν ἡμῖν νοερᾶς δυνάμεως παρεπομένην δεόντως τήν τιμωρίαν παρέπηξεν, αὐτό ἐκεῖνο τυχόν κατά τόν εἰκότα λόγον κολάσας θανάτῳ, περί ὅ τήν κατά νοῦν μόνῳ Θεῷ χρεωστούμενην τῆς ἀγάπης δύναμιν κατεῤῥήξαμεν, ἵνα τοῦ μηδενός ἐρῶντες διά τοῦ πάσχειν ποτέ μαθόντες πρός τό ὅν πάλιν ταύτην ἐπανάγειν διδαχθῶμεν τήν δύναμιν. Ὅπερ προϊών ἐμφανέστερον ποιεῖται λέγων, " Ἀλλ᾿ ἐμοί μέν καί διά τοῦτο