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(1209) and of things long familiar and in the same state, as stale and trodden down and worthless, rising up against them, and rather welcoming newer things eagerly, even if they happen to be false, and having no benefit that passes into the soul. For which, above all, every pious word and saving labor is sung and written and practiced, the one arming itself against ignorance, the other against pleasure, the one, so that by cutting out the maimings of ignorance from the soul, it might reconcile to God through knowledge those who hold the truth, those who for this reason rejoice in learning, and having sent the mind beyond things seen and things conceived, it might charm with an ineffable love for the divine beauty, and nail it to that longing, being able to be carried nowhere, or rather, not tolerating being able to; the other, so that it might hammer out the nails of the disposition toward pleasure by which the soul's longing and tension for God, from the ancient disobedience, was fixed to matter and to corruptible things, and might set free from wickedness those who are ensnared, and make them genuine disciples of virtue, and might render unshaken against all things that seem to hinder the soul's reconciliation with the good, teaching, on the one hand, self-control for the turning away from pleasure, which through the improper things in our power deceitfully fawns upon and softens the firmness of our resolve, and persuades us to choose present things over future things, and things seen over things conceived, and on the other hand, endurance for the putting away of fear and cowardice, through those things not in our power which suggest irreparable evils and things that seem to be greater than human strength, and which contrive to gain mastery by force through the introduction of fearful things over sound reasoning, and the courage which is completed from these, an unyielding and unconquered state against all pleasure from things in our power and all pain from things not in our power. And the teacher called those about whom the discourse is "having itching ears and tongue," since every word is by nature called and brought forth by the tongue, and is heard and learned through the ear. But if we should also wish to understand what is said according to another interpretation, "Having itching ears and tongue," are perhaps those eager only to hear and to utter blame and slander or abuse of others, and who judge the solemn pronouncement to be to ignorantly exalt oneself over every word and man, and before the one who is suspect to them and envied says anything, they are convulsed in spirit and, as it were, push their soul forward and prepare their hearing and their tongue for the hunt of some syllable or phrase, not so that they may be pleased, but so that they may revile and have material for their slander against him. This is what the enemies of the truth at that time did to this holy man, leaping forward, and rising up beforehand, and before they were spoken, against the things being said; just like the war horses and race horses, who even before the contests and the trumpet make their ears (1212) stand straight, and strike their feet against the ground, and scratch it with their hoofs, and rouse themselves for the race, and often anticipate the driving whip; except that no blame attaches to the horses because of their natural lack of reason, for not awaiting the proper times of the contests, which both the sound of the trumpet and the strike of the whip signify, but for such men there is no blame that can be devised worthy of their wickedness. They have as their task and endeavor the practice of falsehood, and opposition against the truth. Rightly let such men be called those with itching ears and tongue, because just as some very pungent and thick humor, lurking in the depth of the body, is often provoked by itching and brought out to the surface, so also the hidden disposition provokes the detractors of things well said, having seized an opportunity, to especially make public the villainy in their soul, which

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(1209) καί πάλαι γνωρίμων καί ὡσαύτως ἐχόντων ὡς ἑώλων καί πεπατημένων καί μηδενός ἀξίων, κατεξανισταμένους, καί μᾶλλον τά νεαρώτερα προσδεχομένους ἀσπασίως, κἄν ψευδῆ τύχοιεν ὄντα, καί μηδεμίαν εἰς ψυχήν διαβαίνουσαν ὠφέλειαν ἔχοντα. Ὑπέρ ἧς μάλιστα πᾶς εὐσεβής λόγος καί πόνος σωτήριος ᾅδεταί τε καί γράφεται καί ἐπιτηδεύεται, ὁ μέν κατά τῆς ἀγνωσίας, ὁ δέ κατά τῆς ἡδονῆς ὁπλιζόμενος, ὁ μέν ἵνα τῆς ἀγνοίας ἐκτεμών τά πηρώματα τῆς ψυχῆς οἰκειώσῃ Θεῷ διά γνώσεως τήν ἀλήθειαν ἔχοντας, τούς διά τοῦτο τοῖς μαθήμασι χαίροντας, καί τῶν ὁρωμένων τε καί νοουμένων ὑπεράνω τόν νοῦν παραπέμψας θέλξῃ τῷ ἀῤῥήτῳ τῆς θείας καλλονῆς ἔρωτι, καί προσηλώσῆ τῷ πόθῳ μηδαμοῦ φέρεσθαι δυνάμενον, μᾶλλον δέ δυνηθῆναι μή ἀνεχόμενον· ὁ δέ ἵνα τῆς καθ᾿ ἡδονήν σχέσεως τούς ἥλους ἐκκρούσηται οἷς ὁ περί Θεόν τῆς ψυχῆς πόθος τε καί τόνος ἐκ τῆς ἀρχαίας παρακοῆς πρός τήν ὕλην ἐνεπάγη καί τά φθειρόμενα, καί ἀπαλλάξῃ κακίας τούς ἐνεσχημένους, καί ἀρετῆς ποιήσειε φοιτητάς γνησίους, καί ἄσειστον πρός πάντα τά κωλύειν δοκοῦντα τῆς ψυχῆς τήν πρός τό καλόν οἰκείωσιν ἀπεργάσηται, διδάξας πρός μέν ἀποστροφήν ἡδονῆς, διά τῶν ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν ἀτόπων ἀπατηλῶς σαινούσης καί μαλασσούσης τό στεῤῥόν τῆς γνώμης, καί πειθούσης προαιρεῖσθαι τά παρόντα τῶν μελλόντων, καί τά ὁρώμενα τῶν νοουμένων, ἐγκράτειαν, πρός δέ φόβου καί δειλίας ἀπόθεσιν, δι᾿ αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν τά ἀνήκεστα καί ἀνθρωπίνης εἶναι δοκοῦντα κρείττονα δυνάμεως ὑποτιθεμένων, καί βίᾳ κραττεῖν διά τῆς τῶν φοβερῶν ἐπαγωγῆς τοῦ σώφρονος λογισμοῦ μηχανωμένων, ὑπομονήν καί τήν ἐκ τούτων συμπληρουμένην ἀνδρείαν, τήν πρός πᾶσαν ἡδονήν τῶν ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν καί ὀδύνην τῶν οὐκ ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν ἀνένδοτον καί ἀήττητον ἕξιν. Κνηθομένους δέ τήν ἀκοήν καί τήν γλῶσσαν ἐκάλεσεν ὁ διδάσκαλος τούς περί ὧν ὁ λόγος, ἐπειδή πᾶς λόγος διά γλώσσης καλεῖσθαί τε καί προφέρεσθαι καί δι᾿ ἀκοῆς ἀκούσεθαί τε καί μανθάνεσθαι πέφυκεν. Εἰ δέ καί κατ᾿ ἄλλην ἐπιβολήν ἐκδέχεσθαι θελήσομεν τό λεγόμενον, Κνηθόμενοι τήν ἀκοήν καί τήν γλῶσσαν, τυχόν οἱ μόνον πρός ψόγον καί τῆς κατ᾿ ἄλλων διαβολῆς ἤ λοιδορίας ἀκούειν τε καί καλεῖν προθυμούμενοι, καί τό κατά παντός ἀμαθῶς ἐπαίρεσθαι λόγου τε καί ἀνδρός σεμνολόγημα κρίνοντες, καί πρό τοῦ τι φάναι τόν ὕποπτον αὐτοῖς καί φθονούμενον σφαδάζοντες τῷ πνεύματι καί οἷον τήν ψυχήν προωθοῦντες καί τήν ἀκοήν ἑτοιμάζοντες καί τήν γλῶσσαν πρός θήραν τινός συλλαβῆς ἤ λέξεως, οὐχ ἵνα εὐθύμωσιν, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα κακίσωσι καί ὕλην ἔχωσι τῆς κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ γλωσσαλγίας. Ὅπερ ἐποιοῦντο τῷ ἁγίῳ τούτῳ ἀνδρί οἱ κατ᾿ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐχθροί, προπηδῶντες, καί προεξανιστάμενοι, καί πρίν λεχθῆναι, τῶν λεγομένων· καθάπερ τῶν ἵππων τούς πολεμιστηρίους τε καί ἀμιλλητηρίους, οἵ καί πρό τῶν ἀγώνων καί τῆς σάλπιγγος εὐθυτενῆ τά ὦτα (1212) ποιοῦσι, καί τούς πόδας τῇ γῇ προσαράσσουσι, καί προσκνήθονται ταύτην ταῖς ὁπλαῖς, καί πρός δρόμον ἑαυτούς διεγείρουσι, καί τήν ὠθοῦσαν πολλάκις προλαμβάνοντες μάστιγα· πλήν ὅτι τῶν ἵππων οὐδείς ἅπτεται ψόγος ὑπό τῆς φυσικῆς ἀλογίας, μή ἀναμενόντων τούς εὐθέτους τῶν ἀγώνων καιρού, οὕς διασημαίνει ἥ τε φωνή τῆς σάλπιγγος καί ἡ τῆς μάστιγος πληγή, τοῖς δέ τοιούτοις ἀνδράσιν οὐδείς ἐστιν ὁ πρός ἀξίαν τῶν αὐτῶν κακίας ἐπινοηθῆναι δυνάμενος ψόγος. Ἔργον ἔχουσι καί σπούδασμα τήν μελέτην τοῦ ψεύδους, καί τήν κατά τῆς ἀληθείας ἔνστασιν. Εἰκότως οἱ τοιοῦτοι κνηθόμενοι τήν ἀκοήν καί τήν γλῶτταν λεγέσθωσαν, διότι καθάπερ τις χυμός δριμύτατός τε καί παχύτατος, τῷ βάθει τοῦ σώματος ἐμφωλεύων, πολλάκις διά τοῦ κνήθεσθαι πρός τήν ἐπιφάνειαν ἐρεθιζόμενος ἐκδίδοται, οὕτως καί τούς ἐπηρεστάς τῶν καλῶς λεγομένων ἐρεθίζει λαβομένους ἀφορμῆς μάλιστα δημοσιεύειν τήν κατά ψυχήν κακουργίαν ἡ κεκρυμμένη διάθεσις, ἥτις