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having no more consequence. For if we, imagining at night during sleep, both see and hear, often when there is no one speaking or being seen, how much more will the saints, truly awake, experience this, with God working in them while they are awake by a paradoxical grace, the very thing we are accustomed to undergo by the law of nature during sleep. "A true vision of the night" I suppose him to mean either the precise comprehension of future events that occurs in the soul during sleep, as in the case of Joseph and Daniel, or some vision of divine things on account of the extreme impassibility from great purity, even falling under the notice of the saints' fleshly eyes. "And the impression of the ruling faculty:" I think he says this emphatically of the prefigurations of future things that appear to the saints in a single manner, as in an image, according to the simple and unextended application of the intellect. And I have ventured to speak these things about these matters conjecturally, not having received the grace of experience in them, on account of the command of the one who enjoined it. But if anyone who has received the grace should encounter these words, let him not blame me for rashness, but rather approve of my obedience, even if the present discourse has no power to make manifest the aim of the things set forth.

From the same discourse, on the text, " But for Paul, if what the third heaven provided was an ecstasy, and the progress, or ascent, or assumption up to that point."

Those who have wisely studied the divine words say (1237) that names, in summary, are of essence, of relation, or of grace or perdition. For instance, of essence, as when they say " man;" of relation, as when they say "good, " or holy, " or a wise man," or the opposite " a wicked man," or "foolish, " or " unclean; " (for relation, by showing how each of those things distinguished by diametrical opposites stands in a certain respect, rightly designates it from the volitional, indwelling state it possesses) of grace, however, when the man is called God in words, the man who has become obedient to God in all things, according to the text, I said, you are gods, having the reality of being called God neither by nature nor by relation, but having become and being named so by adoption and grace; for the grace of adoption is completely unrelated, not having in nature any capacity whatsoever to receive it, since it is no longer grace, but a manifestation of the activity according to natural capacity. And thus again what happens will not be paradoxical, if deification were according to a capacity of nature to receive it. For deification would reasonably be a work of nature, and not a gift of God, and such a one will be able to be God by nature also and be properly so called. For the natural capacity of each of the beings is nothing other than an inviolable movement of nature toward activity. But how deification puts the one being deified outside of himself, if it were contained within the limits of nature, I am unable to perceive. And likewise, on the contrary, they call perdition and hades, and sons of perdition, and such things, those who have hypostasized for themselves non-being according to disposition, and have in all their ways become similar to it. I think, therefore, that this holy and great teacher, having taken the aforesaid things into account, has arranged the rapture of the holy Apostle in these terms, suitably assigning to each the appropriate word. Wherefore, I surmise that by " progress" he means the impassibility of virtue according to a state that placed the holy Apostle outside of natural necessity, in which he chose to have no relation of will to nature, as having gone outside of natural activity according to sense, or rather, having even transformed this into a spiritual state; and "ascent," the abandonment of all sensible things,

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ἀκολουθίας πλέον ἔχον οὐδέν. Εἰ γάρ ἡμεῖς καθ᾿ ὕπνον νύκτωρ φανταζόμενοι καί ὁρῶμεν καί ἀκούομεν, πολλάκις μηδενός ὄντος τοῦ λαλοῦντος ἤ ὁρωμένου, πολλῷ μᾶλλον γρηγοροῦντες ἀληθῶς οἱ ἅγιοι πείσονται τοῦτο, τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐνεργοῦντος αὐτοῖς γρηγοροῦσι κατά παράδοξον χάρις, ὅπερ ἡμεῖς πάσχειν νόμῳ φύσεως κατά τόν ὕπνον εἰώθαμεν. "Ἀψευδῆ δέ νυκτός ὄψιν" αὐτόν ὑπολαμβάνω λέγειν ἤ τήν ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις κατά ψυχήν ἀκριβῆ γινομένην τῶν μελλόντων πραγμάτων κατάληψιν, ὡς ἐπ᾿ Ἰωσήφ καί ∆ανιήλ, ἤ ὀπτασίαν τινά θείων πραγμάτων διά τήν ἐκ πολλῆς καθαρότητος ἄκραν ἀπάθειαν καί σαρκός ὀφθαλμοῖς ἁγίων ὑποπτίσουσαν. "Τήν δέ τοῦ ἡγεμονικοῦ τύπωσιν: οἶμαι κατ᾿ ἔμφασιν αὐτόν λέγειν τούς μονοτρόπως, ὡς ἐν εἰκόνι, κατά τήν ἁπλῆν καί ἀδιάστατον τοῦ νοεροῦ προσβολήν τοῖς ἁγίοις προσφαινομένους τῶν μελλόντων τύπους. Κἀγώ μέν ταῦτα στοχαστικῶς περί τούτων θαῤῥήσας εἶπον, τῆς κατ᾿ αὐτά πείρας τήν χάριν οὐκ εἰληφώς, διά τήν τοῦ ἐπιτάξαντος κέλευσιν. Εἰ δέ τις τῶν εἰληφότων τήν χάριν τούτοις ἐντύχοι, μή με τῆς προπετείας μέμψαιτο, ἀλλά μᾶλλον τῆς εὐπειθείας ἀποδείξατο, κἄν οὐδεμίαν ἐμφαντικήν δύναμιν τοῦ σκοποῦ τῶν προτεθέντων ὁ παρών ἔχῃ λόγος.

Ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγου, εἰς τό, " Παύλῳ δέ εἰ μέν ἐκφορά ἦν ἅ παρέσχεν ὁ τρίτος οὐρανός, καί ἡ μέχρις ἐκείνου πρόοδος, ἤ ἀνάβασις, ἤ ἀνάληψις."

Φασίν οἱ τοῖς θείοις σοφῶς ἐμμελετήσαντες λόγοις (1237) τῶν ὀνομάτων κατά περίληψιν τά μέν οὐσίας εἶναι, τά δέ σχέσεως, τά δέ χάριτος ἤ ἀπωλείας. Οἷον οὐσίας μέν, ὡς ὅταν λέγωσιν " ἄνθρωπος·" σχέσεως δέ, ὡς ὅταν λέγωσιν "ἀγαθός, " ἤ ἅγιος, " ἤ σοφός ἄνθρωπος," ἤ τό ἐναντίον " πονηρός ἄνθρωπος," ἤ "ἄφρων, " ἤ " ἀκάθαρτος· " (τό γάρ πρός τί πως ἔχειν τῶν ἐκ διαμέτρου τοῖς ἐναντίοις διειλημμένων ἕκαστον ἡ σχέσις παριστῶσα δικαίως ἐξ ὧν ἔχει τήν προαιρετικήν ἕξιν ἐνδιάθετον προσαγορεύει) χάριτος δέ, ὅταν Θεός ὁ ἄνθρωπος τοῖς λόγοις ὀνομάζηται, ὁ διά πάντων ὑπήκοος Θεῷ γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος, κατά τό, Ἐγώ εἶπα, Θεοί ἐστε, οὔτε κατά φύσιν οὔτε κατά σχέσιν ἔχων τό εἶναι καλεῖσθαι Θεός, ἀλλά κατά θέσιν καί χάριν γενόμενός τε καί ὀνομαζόμενος· ἡ γάρ χάρις τῆς θέσεως ἄσχετός ἐστι παντάπασιν, οὐκ ἔχουσα τήν οἱανοῦν δεκτικήν ἑαυτῆς ἐν τῇ φύσει δύναμιν, ἐπεί οὐκ ἔτι χάρις ἐστίν, ἀλλά τῆς κατά τήν φυσικήν δύναμιν ἐνεργείας φανέρωσις. Καί οὕτω γε πάλιν οὐκ ἔσται παράδοξον τό γινόμενον, εἰ κατά δεκτικήν φύσεως δύναμιν ἡ θέωσις ἦν. Φύσεως γάρ ἄν εἰκότως ἔργον, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ Θεοῦ δῶρον ἡ θέωσις ἔσται, καί δυνήσεται καί φύσει Θεός ὁ τοιοῦτος εἶναι καί κυρίως προσαγορεύεσθαι. Οὐδέν γάρ ἄλλο καθέστηκεν ἡ κατά φύσιν τῶν ὄντων ἑκάστου δύναμις ἤ φύσεως πρός ἐνέργειαν ἀπαράβατος κίνησις. Πῶς δέ καί ἐξίστησιν ἑαυτοῦ τόν θεούμενον ἡ θέωσις, εἰ τοῖς ὅροις τῆς φύσεως αὐτή περιείληπτο, συνιδεῖν οὐκ ἔχω. Ὡσαύτως δέ καί ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου ἀπώλειαν καί ᾅδην, καί υἱούς ἀπωλείας, καί τά τοιαῦτα προσαγορεύουσι τούς τό μή ὄν κατά διάθεσιν ἑαυτοῖς ὑποστήσαντας, καί τοῖς τρόποις αὐτῷ διά πάντων γενομένους παρεμφερεῖς. Οἶμαι τοίνυν τόν ἅγιον τοῦτον καί μέγα διδάσκαλον ἐπί νοῦν τά προειρημένα λαβόντα τήν ἐν τούτοις ἁρπαγήν τοῦ ἁγίου Ἀποστόλου διασκευάσαι, προσφυῶς ἑκάστῳ τήν ἁρμόζουσαν φωνήν ἀπονείμαντα. ∆ιό " πρόοδον" μέν αὐτόν ὑπονοῶ λέγειν τήν ἔξω τῆς φυσικῆς ἀνάγκης τόν ἅγιον Ἀπόστολον καταστήσασαν τῆς ἀρετῆς κατά τήν ἕξιν ἀπάθειαν, καθ᾿ ἥν οὐδεμίαν εἵλετο πρός τήν φύσιν ἔχειν προαιρέσεως σχέσιν, ὡς καί αὐτῆς τῆς κατ᾿ αἴσθησιν φυσικῆς ἐνεργείας ἔξω γενόμενον μᾶλλον δέ καί ταύτην πρός πνευματικήν ἕξιν μεταβαλόντα· "ἀνάβασιν" δέ τήν τε τῶν αἰσθητῶν πάντων ἀπόλειψιν,