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is a composite nature, it subsists all at once, whole and perfect with its own perfect parts, having no temporal interval whatsoever in relation to itself or to the parts of which it is composed. But if it is a simple nature, that is, intelligible, likewise it is its nature to subsist all at once, perfect with its own perfect, unerring *logoi*, with no time at all separating it from its own *logoi*. For there never was any nature at all among beings, nor is there, nor will there be, existing according to its own *logos* what it is not now, nor indeed is it now or will it be hereafter what it was not before. For of those things whose *logoi* in God possessed perfection simultaneously with their being, their production and substantial existence according to their own *logoi* is utterly incapable of any addition or subtraction with respect to being what they happen to be. But I think what has now been said to these suffices for the digression of the argument, so as not to be easily carried away into strange opinions by those who put their faith in the technical plausibility found in the elegance of words.

Why the teacher joined the birth from baptism to the incarnation. And with what in view and for what reason he joined to the incarnation the from baptism

birth the teacher (for this still remains for the examination of the present discourse), I will speak briefly, as I have learned, according to my ability. Those who mystically treat the divine oracles, and who, as is fitting, adorn them with higher contemplations, say that in the beginning man came to be in the image of God, so that he might in every way be born by choice in the Spirit, and receive what is according to the likeness, which comes to him through the keeping of the divine commandment, so that the same man might be a creature according to nature, but a Son of God and God through the Spirit by grace. For it was not otherwise possible for the one who became man to be shown to be a Son of God and God according to deification by grace, unless he were first born by choice in the Spirit, on account of the self-moving and sovereign power naturally inherent in him. (1348) Which deifying and divine and immaterial birth the first man neglected, because he preferred what was pleasant and manifest to the senses over the goods that were then intelligible and unseen, and so is justly condemned to have the birth from bodies, which is without choice, material, and mortal, God having worthily judged that he who willingly chose the worse things over the better, should exchange the free, impassible, voluntary, and pure birth for the passionate, servile, and constrained birth, after the likeness of the irrational and senseless beasts upon the earth, and receive in exchange for the honor that is with God, divine, and ineffable, the dishonorable co-materialization with senseless beasts. Wishing to free man from this and to lead him back to the divine good inheritance, the Logos who created the nature of men, truly becomes man from men and is born bodily without sin for man's sake, and is baptized, willingly undergoing for our sake the spiritual birth unto adoption as sons, He who is God by essence and Son of God by nature, for the setting aside of the birth from bodies. Since therefore for our sake He who made us, the only Son and Logos co-divine and co-glorious with the Father and the Spirit, truly becomes man according to us and from us, and is born bodily without sin, and He who is God by nature deigns to undergo for our sake the spiritual birth from baptism unto adoption as sons, for this reason, as I think, the teacher joined the birth from baptism to the incarnation, as for the setting aside and dissolution of the from bodies

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σύνθετος φύσις ἐστίν, ὅλη τελεία τελείοις τοῖς οἰκείοις μέρεσιν ἀθρόως συνυφίσταται, μή ἔχουσα πρός ἑαυτήν ἤ πρός ἄλληλα τῶν ἐξ ὧν ἐστι μερῶν τήν οἱανοῦν κατά τόν χρόνον διάστασιν. Εἰ δέ ἁπλῆ φύσις ἐστίν, ἤγουν νοητή, ὡσαύτως ἅμα τοῖς ἑαυτῆς ἀπαραλείπτως λόγοις τελεία τελείοις ἀθρόως συνυφίστασθαι πέφυκε, χρόνου τινός τό σύνολον αὐτήν τῶν οἰκείων λόγων, οὐδαμῶς διακρίνοντος. Οὔτε γάρ ἦν ποτε καθόλου τις φύσις ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν, οὔτε ἔστιν, οὔτε ἔσται κατά τόν ἑαυτῆς λόγον ὑπάρχουσα ὅπερ νῦν οὐκ ἔστιν, οὔτε μήν νῦν ἐστιν ἤ ἐς ὕστερον ἔσται ὅπερ οὐκ ἦν πρότερον. Ὧν γάρ οἱ λόγοι παρά τῷ Θεῷ ἅμα τῷ εἶναι τό τέλειον ἔσχον, τούτων ἡ κατά τούς οἰκείους λόγους παραγωγή καί οὐσίωσις προσθήκης πάσης καί ἐλλείψεως τῆς πρός τό εἶναι ὅπερ ὄντα τυγχάνει παντελῶς ἐστιν ἀνεπίδεκτος. Ἀλλ᾿ ἀρκεῖν οἶμαι κατά τήν τοῦ λόγου παρέκβασιν καί πρός τούτους τά νῦν ῥηθέντα, πρός τό μή παρασύρεσθαι ῥαδίως εἰς ἀτόπους δόξας παρά τῶν πίστιν ποιουμένων τήν ἐν ταῖς κομψείαις τῶν λόγων τεχνικήν πιθανότητα.

∆ιά τί συνῆψε τῇ σαρκώσει τήν ἐκ βαπτίσματος γέννησιν ὁ διδάσκαλος. Πρός τί δέ βλέπων καί τίνος ἕνεκεν τῇ σαρκώσει συνῆψε τήν ἐκ βαπτίσματος

γέννησιν ὁ διδάσκαλος (τοῦτο γάρ εἰς τήν ἐξέτασιν ἔτι τοῦ προκειμένου λείπεται λόγου), συντόμως ὡς ἔμαθον ἐρῶ κατά δύναμιν. Φασίν οἱ τά θεῖα μυστικῶς περιέποντες λόγια, καί τοῖς ὑψηλοτέροις, ὡς εἰκός, αὐτά σεμνύνοντες θεωρήμασι, κατ᾿ εἰκόνα Θεοῦ κατ᾿ ἀρχάς γεγενῆσθαι τόν ἄνθρωπον, ἐπί τῷ πάντως γεννηθῆναι κατά προαίρεσιν πνεύματι, καί προσλαβεῖν τό καθ᾿ ὁμοίωσιν διά τῆς τηρήσεως τῆς θείας ἐντολῆς αὐτῷ προσγενόμενον, ἵνα ᾗ ὁ αὐτός ἄνθρωπος πλάσμα μέν τοῦ κατά φύσιν, Υἱός δέ Θεοῦ καί Θεός διά Πνεύματος κατά χάριν. Οὐ γάρ ἦν δυνατόν ἄλλως Υἱόν ἀποδειχθῆναι Θεοῦ καί Θεόν κατά τήν ἐκ χάριτος θέωσιν τόν γενόμενον ἄνθρωπον, μή πρότερον κατά προαίρεσιν γεννηθέντα τῷ Πνεύματι, διά τήν ἐνοῦσαν αὐτῷ φυσικῶς αὐτοκίνητον καί ἀδέσποτον δύναμιν. (1348) Ἥντινα θεοποιόν καί θείαν καί ἄϋλον γέννησιν, διά τό προτιμῆσαι τῶν νοουμένων καί ἀδήλων τέως ἀγαθῶν τό κατ᾿ αἴσθησιν τερπνόν καί ἐπίδηλον, παραλιπών ὁ πρώτος ἄνθρωπος, τήν ἐκ σωμάτων εἰκότως ἀπροαίρετον καί ὑλικήν καί ἐπίκηρον ἔχειν καταδικάζεται γέννησιν, ἀξίως κρίναντος τοῦ Θεοῦ τόν ἑκουσίως τῶν κρειττόνων τά χείρονα προελόμενον, τήν ἐμπαθῆ καί δούλην καί κατηναγκασμένην, καθ᾿ ὁμοιότητα τῶν ἐπί γῆς ἀλόγων τε καί ἀνοήτων κτηνῶν γέννησιν τῆς ἐλευθερίας καί ἀπαθοῦς καί αὐθαιρέτου καί ἁγνῆς ἀνταλλάξαι γεννήσεως, καί τῆς σύν Θεῷ καί θείας καί ἀνεκλαλήτου τιμῆς τήν μετά τῶν ἀνοήτων κτηνῶν ἄτιμον ἀντιλαβεῖν συμαπαρενύλησιν. Ἧστινος τόν ἄνθρωπον ἐλευθερῶσαι καί πρός τήν θείαν εὐκληρίαν ἐπαναγαγεῖν βουλόμενος ὁ τήν φύσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων δημιουργήσας Λόγος, ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀληθῶς γίνεταί τε καί γεννᾶται σωματικῶς χωρίς ἁμαρτίας διά τόν ἄνθρωπον, καί βαπτίζεται, τήν εἰς υἱοθεσίαν πνευματικήν ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἑκουσίως ὑπερχόμενος γέννησιν, ὁ κατ᾿ οὐσίαν Θεός καί Θεοῦ κατά φύσιν Υἱός, εἰς ἀθέτησιν τῆς ἐκ σωμάτων γεννήσεως. Ἐπειδή τοίνυν δι᾿ ἡμᾶς ὁ ποιήσας ἡμᾶς καί μόνος τῷ Πατρί μετά τοῦ Πνεύματος ὁμόθεος καί ὁμόδοξος Υἱός καί Λόγος καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἐξ ἡμῶν ἀληθῶς ἄνθρωπος γίνεται, καί σωματικῶς γεννᾶται χωρίς ἁμαρτίας, καί τήν ἐκ βαπτίσματος εἰς υἱοθεσίαν πνευματικήν ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ὑπελθεῖν καταδέχεται γέννησιν ὁ φύσει Θεός, διά τοῦτο συνῆψε τῇ σαρκώσει, καθώς οἶμαι, τήν ἐκ βαπτίσματος γέννησιν ὁ διδάσκαλος, ὡς εἰς ἀθέτησιν καί λύσιν τῆς ἐκ σωμάτων